探讨甲醛便携式分析仪与实验室分析的可比性

便携式分析仪在环境突发性事件能进行快速现场分析,为应急处理及时提供了依据,但在定量上存在一定误差。本文探讨了4160-2型便携式甲醛现场分析仪的监测结果与传统实验室分析结果的可比性,从而保证为应急处理中能准确引用该仪器的监测数据。     

Elimination of formaldehyde over Cu-Al2O3 catalyst at room temperature

Catalytic elimination of formaldehyde (HCHO) was investigated over Cu-Al2O3 catalyst at room temperature. The results indicated that no oxidation of HCHO into CO2 occurs at room temperature, but the adsorption of HCHO occurs on the catalyst surface.With the increase of gas hourly space velocity(GHSV) and inlet HCHO concentration, the time to reach saturation was shortened proportionally. The results of the in situ DRIFTS, Density functional theory calculations and temperature programmed desorption(TPD) showed that HCHO was completely oxidized into HCOOH over Cu-Al2O3 at room temperature. With increasing the temperature in a flow of helium, HCOOH was completely decomposed into CO2 over the catalyst surface, and the deactivated Cu-Al2O3 is regenerated at the same time. In addition, although Cu had no obvious influence on the adsorption of HCHO on Al2O3, Cu dramatically lowered the decomposition temperature of HCOOH into CO2. It was shown that Cu-Al2O3 catalyst had a good ability for the removal of HCHO, and appeared to be promising for its application in destroying HCHO at room temperature.     

气态污染物的非平衡等离子体处理技术

近年来利用等离子体技术对气态污染物的氧化分解研究受到了广泛的关注。本文介绍了等离子体概念、分类及产生方法，简述了非平衡等离子体技术对气体污染物的降解原理，较全面地介绍了等离子体技术在脱硫、脱硝以及降解挥发性有机物（VOCs）等方面的研究。最后指出了今后等离子体处理废气的应用研究方向。     

原位红外分析气相乙醇在SiO_2上的吸附特性

利用原位红外光谱技术记录了乙醇吸附在气相二氧化硅表面的变化过程。实验表明,在此过程中,乙醇在其表面发生化学吸附,并脱氢为表面乙醇盐。红外图谱表明,乙醇吸附在二氧化硅表面,可形成线式和桥式两种乙醇盐。同时,简单的讨论了二氧化硅表面存在的活性中心。     

室内环境空气中甲醛的污染与分析

本文在对各类民用工程建筑室内环境空气污染物进行检测的基础上,分析了室内环境空气中检出率最高的甲醛污染物的来源,并阐述了对人体所产生的危害以及降低室内环境空气中甲醛浓度的措施.     

乙酰丙酮荧光分光光度法测定空气中甲醛最佳试验条件

通过对乙酰丙酮荧光分光光度法测定空气中甲醛的试验条件用单因素改变法与单纯形优化法试验结果进行对照，确定了测定空气中微量甲醛的最佳试验条件。该方法的最大激发波长为415nm，最大发射波长为508nm最低检测限为0.0034μg／ml。对空白值测定的标准偏差为0．0006μg／ml，相对偏差为5．6%。测定空气中甲醛的最低浓度为0．0057mg／m^3。     

苯酚,糖醇及甲醛的吸附与脱附的研究

本文研究了水中苯酚，糖醇及甲醛在ＮＫＡ树脂上的吸附平衡，发现了各组份之间的竞争吸附特点，以及苯酚脱附过程中受到其它二组份的影响情况。     

A Simple Field Method to Determine Mercury Volatilization from Soils (3 pp)

Background Estimations of gaseous mercury volatilization from soils are often complex, stationary and expensive. Our objective was to develop a mobile and more simple, easy to handle and more cost-effective field method allowing rapid estimates of potential Hg emissions from soils. Methods. The study site is located in Germany, about 100 kilometers south-westerly of Berlin and influenced by the river Elbe and its tributary Saale river. The site is representative for a lot of other floodplain locations at the river Elbe and highly polluted with Hg and other heavy metals. For our study we developed a system consisting of a glass chamber gas, two gold traps, a battery operated pump and a gas meter. Adsorbed total gaseous mercury (TGM) in the gold traps was determined by use of atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Results and Discussion. In contrast to the common used flux chambers we designed a chamber without inlet and named it gas suck up chamber (GSC). TGM fluxes determined with the GSC showed a very close linear correlation (r = 0.993) between the TGM content in the gold traps and the corresponding pumped gas volume. The TGM adsorbed, increased proportional with increasing gas volume indicating homogenous concentrations of gaseous mercury in the soil air sucked. In contrast to the commonly used dynamic flux chamber with the aim of precisely measuring actual fluxes of Hg from a defined soil area, we focused on developing of a measurement system which will allow rapid estimates of potential Hg emissions of a site. Earlier research at the study site indicated a high potential for releasing volatile Hg from the soil to the atmosphere. Indeed, due to the high Hg content of the soil significant amounts of TGM could be detected and no shortage was reached. Conclusion. Our initial measurements are still too few in number neither to generalize the achieved results nor discuss controlling factors and processes. However, we are pleased to communicate that the developed GSC is well suited to become an effective sampling set up to rapidly estimate the magnitude of Hg volatilization from soils. Outlook. Further measurements at other polluted locations are necessary to verify the GSC method. In addition the use of a mercury analyzer instead of gold traps is planned for faster risk assessments.     

几株光合细菌的气体代谢及对产甲烷细菌甲烷生成的影响

三株分别属于光合细菌三个主要类群（紫无硫细菌、紫硫细菌和绿硫细菌）的菌种和两种产甲烷细菌进行了混合培养试验，结果表明，自养生长的光合细菌减少了产甲烷菌有ＣＨ４生成，而异养生长时紫无硫细菌Ｒｈｏｄｏｐｓｅｕｌｏｍｏｕｓ ｐａｌｕｓｔｒｉｓ能利用乙酸放出ＣＯ２供产甲烷菌利用。在光照厌氧条件下，三株光合细菌的生长培养物和静止细胞都能利用有机酸产氢，有时还伴随着ＣＯ２产出。同时试验了不同ｐＨ值、温度和光照     

低浓度甲醛和PM2.5联合暴露对哮喘小鼠的影响

为探究低浓度甲醛（FA）单独及与PM_2.5联合暴露对哮喘小鼠的影响,选取70只雄性Balb/c小鼠,随机分为5组,分别为：对照组、卵清蛋白（OVA）组、FA+OVA组、PM_2.5+OVA组、FA+PM_2.5+OVA组,每组14只,其中6只进行气道高反应性（AHR）检测,其余8只用于检测血清T-IgE、肺泡灌洗液（BALF）中IFN-γ、IL-4以及肺组织中活性氧（ROS）、丙二醛（MDA）的含量,并对BALF中炎症细胞进行计数.同时对小鼠肺组织进行H&E染色以及p-p38MAPK和p-p65NF-κB免疫组化分析.结果显示,与OVA组相比,0.5mg/m³FA单独暴露组哮喘小鼠肺部MDA水平显著升高（P<0.001）,肺部炎症细胞呈现上升趋势（P>0.05）,0.5mg/m³FA和0.5mg/kg PM_2.5联合暴露组哮喘小鼠肺部炎症显著加重（P<0.05或P<0.01）,肺功能减弱（P<0.01）,肺部氧化应激水平以及p38MAPK和NF-κB的磷酸化水平均显著升高（P<0.05或P<0.001）,Th2型细胞因子释放显著增加（P<0.01）.因此,低浓度FA单独暴露会加重哮喘小鼠肺部损伤而非抑制,并且可进一步促进PM_2.5对哮喘小鼠肺部的损伤,即低浓度FA和PM_2.5联合暴露会对哮喘小鼠肺部造成严重损害,这可能与ROS介导的p38MAPK途径加剧Th1/Th2型免疫反应失衡有关.