气态污染物的非平衡等离子体处理技术

近年来利用等离子体技术对气态污染物的氧化分解研究受到了广泛的关注。本文介绍了等离子体概念、分类及产生方法，简述了非平衡等离子体技术对气体污染物的降解原理，较全面地介绍了等离子体技术在脱硫、脱硝以及降解挥发性有机物（VOCs）等方面的研究。最后指出了今后等离子体处理废气的应用研究方向。     

原位红外分析气相乙醇在SiO_2上的吸附特性

利用原位红外光谱技术记录了乙醇吸附在气相二氧化硅表面的变化过程。实验表明,在此过程中,乙醇在其表面发生化学吸附,并脱氢为表面乙醇盐。红外图谱表明,乙醇吸附在二氧化硅表面,可形成线式和桥式两种乙醇盐。同时,简单的讨论了二氧化硅表面存在的活性中心。     

胜利油田油井动态异常干扰排除研究

本文通过对油井采油工艺和油藏地质的分析，探讨了油井动态异常干扰影响因素与形成机制，确定了由非地震前兆因素引起的油井动态干扰异常的排除方法和步骤，进一步讨论了今后地震观测油井在选井中应该注意的几个问题。     

苍山5．2级地震前安徽省观测到的地震前兆

汇集了１９９５年９月２０日山东苍山５．２级地震前安徽省所属各观测项目记录到的地震前兆数据变化，并初步分析了震前难以做出预报的原因     

海发光与地震宏观前兆异常的探讨

从海发光的类型、特征、原因、时空的分布等，论述海发光的现象及探讨海发光与地震宏观前兆异常的关系     

A Simple Field Method to Determine Mercury Volatilization from Soils (3 pp)

Background Estimations of gaseous mercury volatilization from soils are often complex, stationary and expensive. Our objective was to develop a mobile and more simple, easy to handle and more cost-effective field method allowing rapid estimates of potential Hg emissions from soils. Methods. The study site is located in Germany, about 100 kilometers south-westerly of Berlin and influenced by the river Elbe and its tributary Saale river. The site is representative for a lot of other floodplain locations at the river Elbe and highly polluted with Hg and other heavy metals. For our study we developed a system consisting of a glass chamber gas, two gold traps, a battery operated pump and a gas meter. Adsorbed total gaseous mercury (TGM) in the gold traps was determined by use of atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Results and Discussion. In contrast to the common used flux chambers we designed a chamber without inlet and named it gas suck up chamber (GSC). TGM fluxes determined with the GSC showed a very close linear correlation (r = 0.993) between the TGM content in the gold traps and the corresponding pumped gas volume. The TGM adsorbed, increased proportional with increasing gas volume indicating homogenous concentrations of gaseous mercury in the soil air sucked. In contrast to the commonly used dynamic flux chamber with the aim of precisely measuring actual fluxes of Hg from a defined soil area, we focused on developing of a measurement system which will allow rapid estimates of potential Hg emissions of a site. Earlier research at the study site indicated a high potential for releasing volatile Hg from the soil to the atmosphere. Indeed, due to the high Hg content of the soil significant amounts of TGM could be detected and no shortage was reached. Conclusion. Our initial measurements are still too few in number neither to generalize the achieved results nor discuss controlling factors and processes. However, we are pleased to communicate that the developed GSC is well suited to become an effective sampling set up to rapidly estimate the magnitude of Hg volatilization from soils. Outlook. Further measurements at other polluted locations are necessary to verify the GSC method. In addition the use of a mercury analyzer instead of gold traps is planned for faster risk assessments.     

几株光合细菌的气体代谢及对产甲烷细菌甲烷生成的影响

三株分别属于光合细菌三个主要类群（紫无硫细菌、紫硫细菌和绿硫细菌）的菌种和两种产甲烷细菌进行了混合培养试验，结果表明，自养生长的光合细菌减少了产甲烷菌有ＣＨ４生成，而异养生长时紫无硫细菌Ｒｈｏｄｏｐｓｅｕｌｏｍｏｕｓ ｐａｌｕｓｔｒｉｓ能利用乙酸放出ＣＯ２供产甲烷菌利用。在光照厌氧条件下，三株光合细菌的生长培养物和静止细胞都能利用有机酸产氢，有时还伴随着ＣＯ２产出。同时试验了不同ｐＨ值、温度和光照     

水稻甲基汞富集对大气气态单质汞浓度升高的响应研究

水稻具有很强的甲基汞(MeHg)富集能力,从而增加了汞污染地区居民甲基汞暴露的风险.本研究利用开顶气室熏蒸实验和土壤加汞培育实验探究水稻各组织中MeHg富集对大气中的气态单质汞(GEM)浓度升高的响应.结果表明:水稻根中甲基汞含量与土壤中甲基汞含量显著正相关(r=0.9462~0.9870,p0.05),与大气汞含量无线性关系(p0.05),表明水稻根中的MeHg主要来自土壤.水稻茎中甲基汞含量随土壤甲基汞含量的增加而线性增加(上部茎:r=0.8560,p0.05;下部茎:r=0.9178~0.9484,p0.05),与大气汞含量没有相关性(p0.05),但在气室熏蒸实验中上部茎中的甲基汞含量高于下部茎;而在土壤加汞培育实验中下部茎中的甲基汞含量高于上部茎,表明水稻茎主要受土壤汞的影响,且大气汞可能对水稻上部茎甲基汞的富集有一定的影响.水稻叶中甲基汞含量与土壤甲基汞含量显著正相关(r=0.9708,p0.01),与大气汞含量无线性关系,但在气室熏蒸实验中实验组叶中甲基汞的含量高于对照组,表明水稻叶中的甲基汞可能受土壤甲基汞和大气汞的共同影响.水稻籽粒中甲基汞的含量与土壤甲基汞含量呈显著正相关(r=0.9046~0.9865,p0.05),与大气汞含量无明显的线性关系(p0.05),表明水稻籽粒中的甲基汞主要来自土壤,但在水稻上部茎和叶中甲基汞含量受一定程度大气汞含量影响的情况下势必会对水稻籽粒甲基汞的富集产生影响,但究竟有多大程度影响或量化其贡献还需进一步实验研究.     

工业粉尘惰化抑爆技术研究现状分析

针对目前国内外已开展的工业粉尘惰化抑爆实验研究,就粉尘惰化抑爆的2个方面,即固体介质惰化抑爆和气相介质惰化抑爆,分别对粉尘惰化抑爆研究现状进行调研,结合调研结果,总结、分析粉尘惰化抑爆研究现状,探讨其不足之处,同时提出了惰化抑爆技术研究开发及应用中急需解决的问题。     

生物滴滤器净化苯废气研究

采用不锈钢丝网作为生物滴滤器的载体材料,用经以苯为唯一碳源驯化而得的微生物菌种,进行苯废气的净化实验。结果表明:在实验的负荷范围内,生物滴滤器的消除能力随负荷的增加而增加,但净化效率总体上随负荷的升高而下降。在相同的进气苯浓度下,随着停留时间的增加,消除能力和净化效率迅速提高,停留时间为33.9 s时,净化效率达98%。在30~40 mg/L.h的负荷水平下的净化效率随循环液流量的变化而变化,实验中最佳的液体流量为0.8L/h。进口浓度对生物滴滤器的净化效率和所需的填料层高度有较大的影响。