矿物质对煤热解气化过程中NH3形成的影响

以酸洗脱灰煤、原煤及添加含铁化合物的煤样作为研究对象,考察了煤中的矿物质和添加物铁对平朔气煤热解、CO2气化和水蒸气气化过程中形成的NOx前驱物NH3释放的影响．结果表明：煤中的矿物质和添加物铁在煤的热解和气化过程中,对NH3的释放均有明显的作用;煤中矿物质的脱除和添加剂的存在均可以减少NH3的释放,但其作用机理并不同．     

流化床煤部分气化、热解脱硫过程试验研究

在一小型流化床试验台上进行煤部分气化、热解脱硫过程的试验研究.该试验系统由启动燃烧室、流化床本体、灰循环子系统、加料子系统、排渣子系统、蒸汽发生子系统以及测量控制子系统等组成.流化床本体直径为0.1m,高为4.22m,采用烟气夹套加热的方法维持床体温度.试验结果如下:当风煤质量比从2.5增加到5.0时,脱硫效率先增加后降低;当汽煤比从0.45增加到0.63时,脱硫效率也是先增加后降低;钙硫比增加,脱硫效率增加;床温升高,脱硫效率增加.与此同时,还研究了石灰石种类对脱硫效率的影响,以及气化、热解效率与脱硫效率间的相互关系.     

污泥热解气化技术的研究进展

通过热解气化等热化学转化方式将污泥转变为液体或气体燃料是极具前景的污泥利用方式之一。从污泥的资源化利用方面着手,阐述了污泥热解气化技术的研究进展,分析了现有污泥热解气化工艺的优缺点和主要影响因素,并对该技术的发展趋势进行了展望。指出:高湿污泥与生物质混合进行共热解可以提高原料的转化率和整个系统的热效率;高效污泥热解气化装置的研发是目前污泥热解气化技术领域亟待解决的问题。     

稠油污泥的综合处理＊

依据稠油污泥的组成、特点及性质,开发了稠油污泥综合处理技术。利用稠油污水及其余热,采用适宜的预处理工艺实现含油污泥减量处理并回收其中的矿物油。预处理分离的残渣送入层燃热解气化焚烧炉中进行处理,焚烧产生的热能再用于含油污泥前期预处理和稠油污水处理产生的浮渣底泥的干化减量处理。     

回转窑热解气化炉处理生活垃圾特性

基于目前固定床热解气化法在常温下进行存在燃气热值和气化效率较低、燃料适用范围小和预处理复杂等问题,采用控制变量法设计探究了不同预热空气温度和过量空气系数对小型回转窑式热解气化炉处理村镇生活垃圾的影响.结果表明:预热空气温度升高有利于垃圾热解气化产气,但有一定的局限性,当温度超过600 ℃时垃圾的气化产气明显下降;当过量空气系数为0.4时,垃圾的热解气化效率达到最大值,并且焦油产量最小.垃圾原样在过量空气系数为0.4、空气预热温度为500 ℃下对底渣、飞灰进行重金属含量的分析测试结果显示,飞灰中的铅含量远高于GB 18598—2001《危险废物填埋污染控制标准》相关标准限值,需要经过处理才能排放,二英采样分析结果显示其含量均低于GB 18485—2014《生活垃圾焚烧污染控制标准》限值.研究显示,该回转窑式热解气化工艺处理生活垃圾的最佳过量空气系数为0.4,最佳空气预热温度为500 ℃,在此最佳工况条件下焦油产量小,飞灰及焦渣中重金属含量小,ρ(二英)低于0.10 ng/m3.      

煤气化是削减重庆SO2污染的重要途径

解决重庆ＳＯ２污染的较好途径是采用德士古煤气化技术，文中对有关煤气化的投资和经济评估进行了探讨。     

Bio-Energy Systems at the Community Level in the South Pacific: Impacts & Monitoring

Read, Sims and Adams (2001) detailed a case study for bio-energy implementation in a notional small Pacific Island and elaborated a theoretical model for assessing and simulating the socio-economic impacts of a particular bio-energy system designed to produce an exportable liquid fuel along with rural electricity supplies. An important conclusion was that there is no silver-bullet ‘one size fits all’ bio-energy system suited to all situations. Moreover, a system appropriate at one place and time may become obsolete with exogenous technological advance and/or as a community advances down its own development pathway. In order to understand how these issues interact in practice, a selected set of implementation projects is reviewed highlighting scale, capacity, community, technology, governmental policy and the concept of critical mass, as factors that are central to the successful development of the bioenergy sector. Through this evaluation, it is shown that: 1.A significant biomass supply resource base often exists locally in the form of agricultural and forestry residues on which modern bioenergy programmes could be initiated. The use of biomass energy flow charts are an important tool for evaluating the potential of local and national resources. 2. Without an integrated multi-disciplinary, multi-sector and whole-systems approach to the implementation of bioenergy schemes, long term success is likely to remain elusive. 3. There is a requirement at the national level for a coordinated approach with strong policy signals that overcome perverse and practical obstacles.     

秸秆气化是农作物秸秆综合利用的一种有效途径

文章阐述了秸秆气化的基本原理及其在农村的应用,通过效益分析,秸秆气化前景可观,是农作物秸秆综合利用的一种有效途径,并提出措施,加快发展秸秆气化工程,它的推广对增加农民收入,改善农村环境具有重要意义.     

Investigation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from coal gasification

The hazardous organic pollutants generated from coal gasification, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs), are highly mutagenic and carcinogenic. More researchers have paid particular attention to them. Using air and steam as gasification medium, the experiments of three kinds of coals were carried out in a bench-scale atmospheric fluidized bed gasifier. The contents of the 16 PAHs specified by US EPA in raw coal, slag, bag house coke, cyclone coke and gas were measured by HPLC to study the contents of PAHs in raw coal and the effects of the inherent characters of coals on the formation and release of PAHs in coal gasification. The experimental results showed that the distributions of PAHs in the gasified products are similar to raw coals and the total-PAHs content in coal gasification is higher than in raw coal(except Coal C). The totaI-PAHs contents increase and then decrease with the rise of fixed carbon and sulfur of coal while there has an opposite variation when volatile matters content increase. The quantities of PAHs reduce with the increase of ash content or the drop of heating value during coal gasification.     

鲁奇煤气化工艺低温煤焦油的组成研究

利用液-液提取分离和制备液相色谱分离相结合的预分离程序、GC-MS结合保留指数的定性方法,分析研究了鲁奇煤气化工艺低温煤焦油的化学组成,推测鉴定出12大类共400余种化合物,并对其中脂肪烃、PAH、NPAH和酚类化合物进行了定量分析,讨论了鲁奇低温煤焦油的组成特点.