生态学原理在城市改造中的应用——以天津市为例

随着中国城市化进程的加快,城市改造的速度也在加快,但是由于缺少科学的理论指导,城市改造往往表现为盲目的重建。天津市在城市的改造中,以生态学原理指导城市改造,注重城市景观多样性的保护和发展,成功地对部分城区进行了改造。对城市改造应遵循的生态学理念进行了阐述,并指出,生态学原理的运用是解决目前中国城市改造中存在的问题的有效途径;并结合天津市“五大道”和海河改造的实例说明生态学原理在城市改造中的应用。     

Inhibitory effect of high phenol concentration in treating coal gasification wastewater in anaerobic biofilter

In this paper, the inhibition of methanogens by phenol in coal gasification wastewater(CGW)was investigated by both anaerobic toxicity tests and a lab-scale anaerobic biofilter reactor(AF). The anaerobic toxicity tests indicated that keeping the phenol concentration in the influent under 280 mg/L could maintain the methanogenic activity. In the AF treating CGW,the result showed that adding glucose solution as co-substrate could be beneficial for the quick start-up of the reactor. The effluent chemical oxygen demand(COD) and total phenol reached1200 and 100 mg/L, respectively, and the methane production rate was 175 m L CH4/g COD/day.However, if the concentration of phenol was increased, the inhibition of anaerobic micro-organisms was irreversible. The threshold of total phenol for AF operation was 200–250 mg/L. The extracellular polymeric substances(EPS) and particle size distribution of anaerobic granular sludge in the different stages were also examined, and the results indicated that the influence of toxicity in the system was more serious than its effect on flocculation of EPS. Moreover, the proportion of small size anaerobic granular sludge gradually increased from10.2% to 34.6%. The results of high through-put sequencing indicated that the abundance of the Chloroflexi and Planctomycetes was inhibited by the toxicity of the CGW, and some shifts in the microbial community were observed at different stages.     

白云石的硫化氢高温脱除性能研究

用天然白云石制备了半焙烧白云石和全焙烧白云石，并在固定床上对这些白云石进行硫化氢的高温脱除性能研究，同时考察了反应温度、空速、粒子粒径对白云石脱硫性能的影响。用X射线衍射（XRD）、热重分析（TG）和气体吸附等测试手段，对脱硫剂的物相组成、结构、比表面积和孔容进行了表征。结果表明，白云石是一种很好的吸硫剂。在同样条件下，3种白云石中半焙烧白云石具有最好的脱硫效果；而对于同一种白云石，反应条件的差异也会导致其脱硫效果的变化。白云石的脱硫性能与其微观结构有密切关系。     

煤加压气化废水混凝-Fenton氧化法预处理与谱图分析

煤加压气化废水中含有多种难降解有机物,其成分因原煤性质和气化工艺的不同而复杂多变,属于难处理工业废水,目前主要的处理方法有臭氧氧化法、活性炭吸附法、Fenton试剂法、超声空化效应等,文章综合比较各种方法的优缺点,针对煤加压气化废水的特点,利用不同类型的无机混凝剂和Fenton试剂对气化废水进行了混凝-Fenton法处理,并确定了最佳处理条件。在最佳条件下,COD、BOD5、氨氮、挥发酚和色度的平均去除率分别达到81.27%、76.87%、72.45%、86.42%和99.9%,BOD5与COD的比值由0.34提高到0.45。在对处理前后的废水的液-质联用谱图分析得知,处理后苯酚的去除率约为97.6%左右。结果表明煤加压气化废水经过混凝-Fenton法联合处理后出水能达到国家标准,并且成本相对较低,具有广阔的实际应用前景。     

循环经济及其必然性

循环经济是人类经济社会发展的必然选择。循环经济本质上是生态经济，它倡导一种与环境和谐的经济发展模式，其基本指导原则是减量化(Reduce)、再利用(Reuse)、再循环(Recycle)。文章简要地讨论了循环经济的必然性及内涵，指出我国必须建立起一整套符合其范式要求的政治、法律、经济和文化体制。     

合肥遥测地震台网ICP系统集成

阐述了合肥遥测台网ICP系统的工作原理,并对该系统的各个软件包进行了介绍.ICP系统的运行,增强了合肥遥测地震台网的监测能力,也为研究人员对数字化地震波的研究起了很大的作用.     

浅谈城市现代化过程中的生态问题

城市现代化是社会发展的必然要求，是城市化发展的总体趋势，本文提出了城市现代化的概念，并以广州市为例，注重从生态角度上分析了城市现代化进程中存在的生态问题，指出城市现代化建设所必须遵循的生态原则，并给出了广州市目前城市现代化建设应采取的一些生态措施。     

高校安全管理模型建立及对策研究

高校的安全问题日益突出,严重威胁师生的人身和财产安全,影响校园的和谐稳定。如何减少校园事故的发生,提高安全管理效率,是目前研究的热点。本文根据高校事故发生的"5M原理",揭示导致校园事故发生的多种因素,结合AHP理清了各因素之间的复杂层次关系,建立5个一级指标、30个二级指标的高校评价指标体系。根据L高校实际情况,制定了危险控制的基本措施,依据构建的基于"新木桶理论"安全管理模型,为高校安全事故的预防提供借鉴。     

风机风量对生物质气化套管采暖影响模拟研究

生物质气化站在气化间与净化间之间设置防火墙后,会使气化反应余热无法向净化间内传递,使得我国北方地区气化站在冬季严寒情况下出现湿式净化装置冻裂,进而发生燃气泄漏的情况,增加了火灾、爆炸、中毒隐患。提出了一种利用风机套管将反应余热送入净化间采暖的技术,采用CFD(computational fluid dynamics)技术对采暖效果进行数值模拟,分析风机风量对采暖效果的影响,得出在风机风量对应进气口空气流速9 m/s时可获得最佳采暖效果,可使室外温度243.15 K时净化间内温度达到277~281 K。该技术利用余热进行采暖,达到了低碳环保、节能减排的目的。     

Selection of an appropriate waste-to-energy conversion technology for Dhaka City,Bangladesh

Solid waste disposal poses a significant problem, as it leads to land pollution if openly dumped, water pollution if dumped in low lands and air pollution if burnt. Moreover, the scarcity of land and increase in land prices especially in Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh create the problems of developing new landfill sites. Realising the existing and future impacts of waste disposal issues, the analytic hierarchy process model was applied to select an appropriate Waste-to-Energy (WTE) conversion technology for household waste of Dhaka-Mirpur Cantonment area. Three alternatives, namely, anaerobic digestion, pyrolysis and plasma gasification (PG) technologies and nine criteria under three aspects (technological, environmental and financial) were chosen for comparison. The analysis revealed that PG is the most appropriate WTE conversion technology in the study area. The selected PG technology has a relatively small footprint; it can treat unsorted waste and can produce good-quality synthetic gas without generating extremely toxic by-products.