试论执行力文化的构建与政府行政效率的提高

首先论述了执行力文化的提出及内涵,随后说明了导致政府行政效率低下的3个原因,由此引出了在政府中倡导构建执行力文化是提高政府效率的有效手段,最后以秦皇岛市为例,说明了在政府中如何构建执行力文化的几个方面内容.     

基于LS-DYNA的墙体抗燃气爆炸能力数值分析

目前国内外有关墙体防爆的研究多是针对恐怖袭击,且建模分析中多采用单向墙体,而对于民宅内燃气爆炸防护的研究很少。本文详细讨论了数值模拟的建模关键技术,在此基础上建立了墙体三维模型,采用具有民宅燃气爆炸特征的荷载曲线,对四边约束墙体的破坏模式、抗爆能力等进行了初步分析,并与单向墙体进行了比较。结果表明,墙体边界约束条件、厚度、砂浆强度、平面尺寸等因素均会对计算结果产生一定影响,其中前两者的影响效果较为显著。以此为基础提出的一些民宅防爆建议,可为结构防爆设计提供参考。     

唐山市水资源保障能力评价

针对唐山市水资源紧张的局面,在对区域水资源条件和供用水现状分析的基础上,选取水资源、供水、用水、节水和水环境5类因素31项评价指标组成评价体系,对水资源的保障能力进行多因素综合分析、量化比较,确定各行政分区水资源保障能力的等级,为制定区域经济可持续发展的用水模式和保障措施提供科学依据.     

武汉市主要绿化树种滞尘效应研究

本实验对武汉市城区主干道主要绿化树种的滞尘效应与叶表面结构进行了研究。结果表明：（1）同一尘源条件下,不同树种的滞尘能力差异显著。乔木中悬铃木滞尘能力较高,可达6.9345 g/m²;小乔木中紫薇和紫叶李是滞尘能力较高的树种,滞尘能力分别为1.9543 g/m²和1.8790 g/m²;灌木中红花檵木和杜鹃等有较强的滞尘能力,分别可达4.0373 g/m²和3.8875 g/m²;（2）利用扫描电镜观察叶表面结构发现：叶表具毛被、褶皱、较深的不规则网格等特征的树种滞尘能力较高,叶表平滑或叶表网格结构规则且较浅时滞尘能力较低;（3）同一树种在不同的尘源条件下滞尘能力差异显著,空气中颗粒物浓度越高,滞尘能力也越大。以车流量近似模拟尘源条件表明,滞尘能力与车流量呈正相关。     

Transformation of mercury speciation through the SCR system in power plants

Coal-fired utility boilers are now identified as the largest source of mercury in the United States. There is speculation that the installation of selective catalytic reduction （SCR） system for reduction of NOx can also prompt the oxidation and removal of mercury. In this paper, tests at six full-scale power plants with similar type of the SCR systems are conducted to investigate the effect of the SCR on the transformation of mercury speciation. The results show that the SCR system can achieve more than 70%-80% oxidation of elemental mercury and enhance the mercury removal ability in these units. The oxidation of elemental mercury in the SCR system strongly depends on the coal properties and the operation conditions of the SCR systems. The content of chloride in the coal is the key factor for the oxidization process and the maximum oxidation of elemental mercury is found when chloride content changes from 400 to 600 ppm. The sulfur content is no significant impact on oxidation of elemental mercury.     

Individual differences in reactions towards color in simulated healthcare environments: The role of stimulus screening ability

The notion that the physical healthcare environment can affect our mood and behavior is well established. Despite this, individual differences in sensitivity to environmental stimuli have not received much attention. With the current research showing the importance of individual differences in sensitivity towards color, these may explain the contradictory effects found in color research. Two experiments focused on differences in environmental sensitivity, measured with stimulus screening ability. In both experiments, participants were presented with a scenario describing hospitalization with appendicitis and were exposed to a photo of a hospital room. The experiments tested the effects of environmental coloring of the hospital room (green and orange, both contrasted with white as a control condition), and the moderating role of stimulus screening ability (high-screeners vs. low-screeners) on stress (study 1) and arousal (study 2), and cognitive appraisals of the room (study 2). Stress-reducing effects of green and arousal-inducing effects of orange were both more pronounced for people scoring low on stimulus screening ability than for those who are able to effectively screen out complexity in the environment (high-screeners).     

序批式生物反应器填埋场的脱氮特性

采用3个填埋柱模拟序批式生物反应器填埋场: 1号柱装填新鲜垃圾,为对照柱,渗滤液简单回灌;2号和3号柱分别装填新鲜垃圾和腐熟垃圾,渗滤液交叉回灌.探讨了序批式生物反应器填埋场的氨氮去除率、反硝化能力以及厌氧氨氧化能力.结果表明:1号柱渗滤液的氨氮质量浓度在40 d内升高并趋于稳定;3号柱的氨氮去除率随时间的延续逐渐降低,从垃圾装填开始的100%降到90 d后的0,2号柱氨氮的累积去除率为40%左右.试验进行90 d后,分别将一定质量浓度的硝酸盐溶液添加到3个填埋柱内,结果表明,所使用的硝酸盐氮在2 d内几乎全部被去除, 证明3个填埋柱都具有很强的反硝化能力.3号柱在添加硝酸盐过程中硫酸根质量浓度升高,表明发生了自养反硝化反应.通过向填埋柱添加亚硝酸盐发现, 3号柱有一定的厌氧氨氧化能力,氨氮质量浓度下降10%～32%.      

安全成本与国际贸易竞争力关系的经济学分析

分析了职业安全卫生标准一体化和劳工标准对国际贸易产生的现实影响,运用经济学的基本理论对安全保护成本与国际贸易竞争力之间的关系进行深入探讨;推理得出国际贸易中小国的安全保护成本对其国际贸易竞争力影响较大,而大国的影响则较小,如果大国某一出口产品需求价格弹性小于1,其增加安全成本总收入反而增加的结论,因此,大国有增加安全投资的积极性。笔者提出发展中国家应从自身经济、政治利益实际出发,反对不切实际的提高劳工标准,并提出中国的出口企业应该适应目标市场绿色安全生产的发展趋势,实现本质安全型生产。     

多目标决策的农业抗旱能力综合评价

利用灰色系统理论中的关联分析建立了湖南农业抗旱能力评价的指标体系,运用多目标决策法对湖南14个市州的抗旱能力进行了评价。其结果是:在三种方案中娄底(1.452 9)、邵阳(1.398 8)、常德(1.580 2)的抗旱能力综合指数最大,抗旱能力强;而张家界在3种方案中抗旱能力综合指数都小于0.5,抗旱能力弱。并为湖南抗旱减灾、提高抗旱能力提出了合理的建议与对策。     

基于层次分析法(AHP)的煤矿安全生产能力指标体系研究

笔者从系统工程的角度,应用层次分析法的基本原理构建煤矿安全能力AHP(层次分析法)模型,确定煤矿安全生产能力指标体系,将成对比较矩阵的特征向量作为煤矿安全评价因子的权重,确定了相关因子的影响力排序。其结果显示:人因是影响我国煤矿安全生产能力的首要因素;其次是技术和管理因素;而地质条件等环境因素排序为最后。该排序基本反映了当前煤矿安全生产的实际情况。强化人的安全教育和技能培训,加强安全生产管理和安全监察力度,提高安全技术及安全装备水平,是提高安全生产能力的重要举措。