基于GAM模型的四川盆地臭氧时空分布特征及影响因素研究

为研究四川盆地臭氧(O_3)时空分布特征及其气象成因,对四川盆地18个城市2015—2016年国控环境监测站点和气象台站数据进行了研究分析.结果表明:2015—2016年四川盆地O_3污染愈发严重,高值污染区呈扩张态势,污染区主要位于盆地西部成都、德阳、资阳、眉山、内江一带和以广安为中心的周边区域.O_3浓度有明显的季节变化特征:夏季(110.70±41.52)μg·m~(-3)春季(95.24±41.23)μg·m~(-3)秋季(67.58±39.55)μg·m~(-3)冬季(47.17±41.15)μg·m~(-3).基于广义相加模型(GAM)分析发现O_3浓度与气压、气温、相对湿度、风速、日照时数、降水量间均呈非线性关系,其中日照时数、相对湿度以及气温对四川盆地O_3浓度影响较大,而风速、气压以及降水量对O_3浓度影响相对较小.通过构建GAM模型对四川盆地18个城市O_3污染的主导气象因子进行识别,并对2017年O_3浓度进行预测和检验,结果显示GAM模型能较为准确地预测四川盆地各城市O_3浓度的变化趋势.     

Distribution of a Community of Mammals in Relation to Roads and Other Human Disturbances in Gabon,Central Africa

We present the first community‐level study of the associations of both roads and other human disturbances with the distribution of mammals in Gabon (central Africa). Our study site was in an oil concession within a littoral mosaic landscape. We conducted surveys along 199 line transects and installed camera traps on 99 of these transects to document mammal presence and abundance. We used generalized linear mixed‐effect models to document associations between variables related to the ecosystem (land cover, topography, and hydrology), roads (coating, width of rights of way, condition, type of vehicle used on the road, traffic level, affiliation of users, and general type of road), and other human disturbances (urbanization, agriculture, hunting, logging, gathering, and industrial activities) and the abundance or presence of 17 species or groups of mammals including elephant (Loxodonta cyclotis), buffalo (Syncerus caffer), sitatunga (Tragelaphus spekei), red river hog (Potamochoerus porcus), smaller ungulates, gorilla (Gorilla gorilla), chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes), side‐striped jackal (Canis adustus), carnivores, monkeys, and large rodents. Some types of roads and other human disturbances were negatively associated with the abundance or presence of elephants, buffalos, gorillas, sitatungas, some monkeys, and duikers. The pattern of associations of mammals with roads and other human disturbances was diverse and included positive associations with road presence (red river hog, some monkeys, and duikers), agriculture (sitatunga, small carnivores, and large rodents) and industrial activities (sitatunga, red river hog, red duikers, and side‐striped jackal). Our results suggest that the community of mammals we studied was mostly affected by hunting, agriculture, and urbanization, which are facilitated by road presence. We recommend increased regulation of agriculture, hunting, and road building in the area. Distribución de una Comunidad de Mamíferos en Relación a Carreteras y Otras Perturbaciones Humanas en Gabón, Africa Central     

基于GLM模糊评价在煤矿安全中的应用

煤矿安全评价是现代绿色矿山建设的主要指标之一。为对煤矿安全进行有效的评价,综合分析影响煤矿安全的人员因素、地质因素、技术设备因素、环境因素等各项指标。应用广义线性理论和SAS统计分析方法,建立基于GLM模糊评价模型。通过计算各项指标对应等级的煤矿安全影响权重〖AKω- ij,结合模糊综合评价方法得出煤矿的安全生产状况,同时通过优势比分析各指标的敏感性因子,得出防范指标危险性的有效措施。研究表明:该模型依据标准整理数据,操作性强,较准确地得出煤矿安全的状况,为煤矿的安全评价和管理决策提供依据。     

Seasonal and Regional Patterns in Performance for a Baltic Sea Drainage Basin Hydrologic Model

This study evaluates the ability of the Catchment SIMulation (CSIM) hydrologic model to describe seasonal and regional variations in river discharge over the entire Baltic Sea drainage basin (BSDB) based on 31 years of monthly simulation from 1970 through 2000. To date, the model has been successfully applied to simulate annual fluxes of water from the catchments draining into the Baltic Sea. Here, we consider spatiotemporal bias in the distribution of monthly modeling errors across the BSDB since it could potentially reduce the fidelity of predictions and negatively affect the design and implementation of land‐management strategies. Within the period considered, the CSIM model accurately reproduced the annual flows across the BSDB; however, it tended to underpredict the proportion of discharge during high‐flow periods (i.e., spring months) and overpredict during the summer low flow periods. While the general overpredictions during summer periods are spread across all the subbasins of the BSDB, the underprediction during spring periods is seen largely in the northern regions. By implementing a genetic algorithm calibration procedure and/or seasonal parameterization of subsurface water flows for a subset of the catchments modeled, we demonstrate that it is possible to improve the model performance albeit at the cost of increased parameterization and potential loss of parsimony.     

Electrochemical oxidation of polyethylene glycol in electroplating solution using paraffin composite copper hexacyanoferrate modified (PCCHM) anode

Electrochemical oxidation of polyethylene glycol (PEG) in an acidic(pH 0.18 to 0.42) and high ionic strength electroplating solution was investigated. The electroplating solution is a major source of wastewater in the printing wiring board industry. A paraffin composite copper hexacyanoferrate modified(PCCHM) electrode was used as the anode and a bare graphite electrode was used as the cathode. The changes in PEG and total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations during the course of the reaction were monitored. The efficiency of the PCCHM anode was compared with bare graphite anode and it was found that the former showed significant electrocatalytic property for PEG and TOC removal. Chlorides present in the solution were found to contribute significantly in the overall organic removal process. Short chain organic compounds like acetic acid, oxalic acid, formic acid and ethylene glycol formed during electrolysis were identified by HPLC method. Anode surface area and applied current density were found to influence the electro-oxidation process, in which the former was found to be dominating. Investigations of the kinetics for the present electrochemical reaction suggested that the two stage first-order kinetic model provides a much better representation of the overall mechanism of the process if compared to the generalized kinetic model.     

考虑延缓纠正的双应力加速可靠性增长试验方法

目的 缩短传统加速可靠性增长试验时间,以及考虑延缓纠正方式对产品可靠性的影响。方法 提出考虑延缓纠正的双应力加速可靠性增长试验方法,首先,采用基于延缓纠正AMSAA模型跟踪可靠性增长过程,并采用极大似然估计方法估计模型参数;其次,以温度和振动作为加速应力为例,开展加速寿命试验,获得试验数据,基于广义艾琳模型,通过最小二乘估计方法得到加速系数;然后,将产品可靠性外推到正常应力水平。结果 航空蓄电池应用案例分析表明,与基于单应力加载的高应力加速可靠性增长试验相比,所提方法能够缩短29.4%的试验时间,并且采用延缓纠正方式对产品的可靠性有影响。结论 为产品在双应力加载方式和采用延缓纠正方式下开展高应力加速可靠性增长试验的可靠性评估提供了技术手段。     

关于广义拟duo-环的正则性

刻画了广义拟duo-环并主要得到以下几个结果：（1）R是广义左拟duo-环当且仅当且是MELQ的左极小Abel环．（2）设R是一个环,R是强正则环且仅当是广义左左拟duo的左GP-V-环．参7．     

中国经济增长与物质消耗关系的实证研究

本文运用广义最小平方法和处理面板数据的固定影响模型,利用我国各省市1995-2009年物质消耗指数、人均GDP和人均固定资产投资等跨部门的时间序列数据,分析经济增长与物质消耗的关系。其主要结论如下:经济增长与物质消耗呈现正向关系,没有表现出明显的去物质化。固定资产投资对物质消耗趋势在统计上具有很好的解释力。固定效应模型下的广义最小二乘法对于处理跨部门的时间序列数据有明显的效果,固定效应模型的省际差异项有效地刻画了物质消耗与经济增长相关关系的省级差异。我国目前仍处于有形资产的积累阶段,为了达到发达国家的固定资产积累水平,必要的基础设施建设不能缺少。产业结构的差异会影响物质消耗与经济增长的关系强度,第一产业相对于第二产业需要更多的物质消耗。经济发展水平同样会影响物质消耗与经济增长的关系强度,发达地区相对于欠发达地区需要的物质消耗更少。     

华北地区地表臭氧时空分布特征及驱动因子

利用趋势分析(TA)、地理时空加权回归模型(GTWR)和多因素广义相加模型(MGAM),研究了2015～2020年华北地区O3浓度的时空分布规律及驱动因素间的复杂非线性关系.结果表明,华北地区年均O3浓度>70μg/m3,整体呈持续增长趋势,平均增加速率为2.3μg/(m3·a)(P<0.01);季节上O3浓度呈春夏高...