基于边界观测的长三角某工业区O3来源特征

为研究上海某石化工业区臭氧来源特征,采用在线监测系统对该工业区O₃及其前体物和气象参数展开了为期3个月（2020年6~8月）的同步连续观测.采用TCEQ（Texas Commission on Environmental Quality）区域背景臭氧估算法和主成分分析两种方法研究工业区区域背景和本地生成O₃浓度贡献,并将两种方法进行对比分析.结果表明：①观测期间园区主导风向为东南风和东风,平均温度为27.12℃.ρ（VOCs-36）日均值为32.05~240.51μg·m^-3,烷烃浓度占比最大;ρ（NO_x）日均值为10.15~47.51μg·m^-3;ρ（O₃）为31.81~144.43μg·m^-3.②TCEQ法得出的区域背景O₃浓度[ρ_R（O₃）]为32.63~191.13μg·m^-3,本地生成O₃浓度[ρ_L（O₃）]为16.08~134.25μg·m^-3,区域背景占比ω（TCEQ）为32.6%~87.7%.主成分分析计算得出的区域背景[ρ_PCA-R（O₃）]为66.38~219.83μg·m^-3;③TCEQ法计算得出的本地生成O₃浓度变化基本能够与该园区内臭氧生成潜势的变化对应,两种方法具有良好的吻合效果,经验证结果具有可靠性;④剔除由于站点浓度异常情况带来的计算误差,观测期间区域背景O₃占比基本处于75%~95%范围内.综上,园区内O₃浓度组成以区域输送为主,应重点关注工业区周边城市的O₃污染治理,落实长三角区域联防联控措施.     

厌氧发酵系统温度的选择和热量平衡

本文分析了厌氧发酵温度的选择和厌氧系统中热量平衡的关系。并运用此关系对薯干酒糟过滤液在冬季最低温度为0℃,夏季最高温度为35℃的地区进行中温和高温厌氧发酵处理中的热量平衡关系分别进行了讨论,证明了对温度为50℃,COD浓度为23g/L的废液进行中温发酵能得到更大的经济效益,但也必须使用所产生的沼气作为能源加热或冷却废液。所需的热量和气温的关系为:Q_t=4.73×105to-3.73×106 (KJ/d)。      

一种新型微生物除臭剂的垃圾除臭实验

从广州市李坑垃圾填埋场附近的土壤样品中分离到具明显除臭效果的4株菌，根据垃圾恶臭的主要成分研制了微生物除臭菌剂。该微生物除臭剂对氨气、硫化氢、总烃、臭气浓度、细菌总数的去除率分别可达到83．3％、80．7％、62．5％、86．8％、87．0％，应用在广州的棠下、员村环卫站的垃圾转运、压缩的处理过程中，取得了满意的除臭效果。     

Direct and indirect generation of waste in the Spanish paper industry

The paper industry has a relatively high degree of reliance on suppliers when compared to other industries. Exploring the role of the paper industry in terms of consumption of intermediate inputs from other industries may help to understand how the production of paper does not only generate waste by itself but also affects the amount of waste generated by other industries. The product Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a useful analytical tool to examine and assess environmental impacts over the entire life cycle of a product “from cradle to grave” but it is costly and time intensive. In contrast, Economic Input Output Life Cycle Assessment Models (IO-LCA) that combine LCA with Input–Output analysis (IO) are more accurate and less expensive, as they employ publicly available data. This paper represents one of the first Spanish studies aimed at estimating the waste generated in the production of paper by applying IO-LCA. One of the major benefits is the derivation of the contribution of direct and indirect suppliers to the paper industry. The results obtained show that there was no direct relationship between the impact on output and the impact on waste generation exerted by the paper industry. The major contributors to waste generation were the mining industry and the forestry industry.     

Degradation of Rhodamine B by an electrochemical ozone generating system consist of a Ti anode coated with nanocomposite of Sn–Sb–Ni oxide

An ozonation process was performed using a recycled electrochemical ozone generator system. A titanium based electrode, coated with nanocomposite of Sn–Sb–Ni was applied as anode in a laboratory-made electrochemical reactor. A constant flow rate of 192 mg/h of generated ozone was entered to an ozonation reactor to contact with a typical target pollutant, i.e., Rhodamine B (Rh.B) molecules in aqueous solution. Four operational parameters such as: initial dye concentration, pH, temperature and the contact time were evaluated for the ozonation process. Experimental findings revealed that for a solution of 8 mg/L of the dye, the degradation efficiency could reach to 99.5% after 30 min at pH 3.7 and temperature of 45 °C as the optimum conditions. Kinetic studies showed that a second order equation can describe the ozonation adequately well under different temperatures. Also, considering to the importance of process simulation, a three-layered feed forward back propagation artificial neural network model was developed. Sensitivity analysis indicated order of the operational parameter's relative importance on the model output as: time ≫ pH > Rh . B initial concentration > temperature.