低温余热发电技术在新型干法水泥生产线的应用

常州盘固水泥有限公司在新建4 500t·d-1水泥熟料生产线的同时,配套建设了低温余热发电,项目建成后,吨水泥能耗下降11%,窑头烟气粉尘削减量为2%,年增直接经济效益2 603万元,真正实现了节能减排增效的目标.     

以苯胺和葡萄糖为燃料的微生物燃料电池的产电特性研究

通过构建空气阴极型双室微生物燃料电池(Microbial FueI Cell,MFC),并以苯胺和葡萄糖为燃料,研究了MFC对苯胺的降解特性及MFC 的产电性能.结果表明,在1000Ω电阻下,500mg·L-1葡萄糖为单一燃料时,MFC的最大输出电压为440mV,最大输出功率密度为215mw·m-2.当苯胺的初始浓度为...     

Estimated heavy metal emissions to the atmosphere due to projected changes in the Brazilian energy generation matrix

An estimate of heavy metals emissions to the atmosphere due to the projected changes in the Brazilian energy generation fuel matrix is presented. Present use of fossil fuel combustion for energy production is projected to increase from the present 14.5% to 29.6% of the total energy generation in Brazil in 2005. Most of this increase will be based on coal- and natural-gas-burning plants. The changes will result in an increase of about 100% in the average emissions (in tons year⁻¹) of As (9.4 to 17.7), Cr (7.0 to 16.6) and Hg (2.4 to 4.1), 50% of Cd (1.2 to 1.8), and 20% of Ni (101 to 123) and Pb (23.3 to 29.9). Although relatively small for most heavy metals when compared to other industrial sources, the changes in the energy matrix will be particularly important for Hg, reaching a maximum emission of 12 tons (t) year⁻¹, representing 15% of the total emissions of Hg to the atmosphere in Brazil. The use of Brazilian coals and the location of most coal-burning plants in a relatively small region in the south of the country strongly suggest that monitoring programs should be implemented during the building of the new plants. At a regional level the expected increase in Hg emissions to the atmosphere due to coal burning in Brazil, although small relative to North America and Europe, will equal the total amount estimated for South and Central America.     

SELECTED CHALLENGES IN RUNOFF GENERATION RESEARCH IN FORESTS FROM THE HILLSLOPE TO HEADWATER DRAINAGE BASIN SCALE1

ABSTRACT: When faced with practical forest land management issues such as the impacts of logging or forest conversion to other land uses, planners ideally require a comprehensive understanding of within drainage basin hydrological processes to determine the most vulnerable areas to increased storm runoff and erosion. Land managers in particular need to know the source areas and magnitude of inputs to the storm hydrograph, in terms of water quantity, sediment and solute transport; and the routing of such hydrographs from headwater to larger drainage basins. The latter includes an overall assessment at various scales of the impacts of forest disturbance and conversion on the water balance. This paper will focus on runoff generation in terms of identifying the various pathways and source areas. Such aspects will be linked with the need for a more comprehensive effort towards the field testing of so-called ‘physically based’ models of runoff generation. Some of the controversial issues arising from the difficulties in reconciling results from hydrochemical investigations with complementary hydrometric studies will be highlighted. Subsequently, attention will be given to topographic-wetness models, which have promising applications in forestland management. In addition, alternative simple models for application at the catchment scale will be assessed. The latter is in recognition that at smaller scales, heterogeneity both in time and space of soil hydraulic properties demand a greater number of parameters in modelling. Such considerations can even prove an obstacle in terms of the confident application of ‘physically based’ models.     

佳木斯市垃圾处理工艺的选择分析

通过对佳木斯生活垃圾的数量与特征进行分析,结合垃圾处理工艺的优缺点,探讨适合我市采用的垃圾处理工艺。     

日用化学产品制造业产排污量核算系数手册的修订

通过分析日用化学产品制造业5个小类行业污染物产排情况,采集样本企业污染物指标数据模拟计算得出相应污染物指标的产排污量核算系数.系数涵盖了12个主要污染物指标,并按照16种产品类别组合编制系数手册,为第二次全国污染源普查统计提供参考.该核算系数手册是对第一次全国污染源普查中系数手册的修订与增补,以期更为系统、科学地量化日...     

牛粪工业化厌氧发酵生产工艺实验研究

针对牛粪的厌氧发酵设计了一套工业化试验装置,该装置是由降流式厌氧滤器(AF)和升流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)有机结合的新型动态序批式厌氧发酵系统,在此装置上对影响系统效果的进料浓度、日进料量和污泥回流量 3 个主要参数安排了二次正交同归试验研究,以产气量和 COD 去除率为目标甬数进行了分析,结果表明,系统整体产气效率较高,处理牛粪的产气率最高可达 2.3 L/(L·d),污泥回流量对产气效果的影响明显.在本实验设计的范围内,进料浓度在8.9%,日进料量在 7.2 L/d(相当于 0.15 L/(L·d)),污泥回流比在 25%时产气效果最佳,而进料浓度在 7.6%,日进料量在 6.8 L/d(相当于 0.142 L/(L·d)),污泥回流比大约在 25%时 COD 去除效果最佳.     

生物炭加速餐厨垃圾厌氧消化的机理

为考察生物炭对餐厨垃圾厌氧消化的影响并探究其影响机理,采用批次实验,以餐厨垃圾为基质,设置污泥空白组、餐厨垃圾对照组和生物炭实验组。检测系统的甲烷日产量、甲烷浓度、渗滤液pH、电导率、挥发性脂肪酸（乙酸、丙酸和丁酸）和氨氮浓度,并对生物炭进行了表征（pH、表面元素、表面形态和官能团）。结果表明,生物炭的添加使体系的最大日甲烷产量提高24.09%,并保持较高的pH,乙酸、丙酸、丁酸峰值分别降低了10.46%、9.96%和13.79%。生物炭丰富的孔结构为微生物提供了生长位点;生物炭的表面金属元素（K、Ca、Mg）和官能团（—OH、C≡C、—NH、C＝O（C—O）、 CO 3 2 - ）使其具有较高的碱度,从而提高厌氧消化系统的缓冲能力和产甲烷菌活性,进而提高产甲烷速率。     

我国铜、铅和锌冶炼过程中危险废物产生与污染特性

我国有色金属冶炼行业工艺和反应多样,废物种类繁多,产生环节迥异,易出现此类危险废物管控过程中废物产生节点识别困难、废物指向不明确以及污染特性不清晰等问题,进而导致管理误判。通过梳理和分析《国家危险废物名录(2021年版)》规定的HW48大类中铜、铅、锌冶炼共22种废物的来源,以及铅滤饼和砷渣等重点废物的污染特性,明确废物指向,并提出完善我国有色金属冶炼危险废物管理的建议。     

垃圾焚烧发电厂配套设施及污染防控问题浅析

文章分析了垃圾焚烧技术的利弊,详述了垃圾焚烧发电厂必要的配套设施的项目内容,指出这是垃圾焚烧发电系统不可分割的部分。认为垃圾焚烧发电发展前景广阔。