废气源热泵在烧结余热回收系统中的应用

烧结余热回收是实现节能减排的有效途径之一。根据烧结工序的特点和余热品位,提出了环冷机余热梯级利用、热电联产的优化用能方案,并在环冷机余热的低温段用废气源热泵来提高烟气温度,并对这部分热量回收利用,从而提高烧结余热的回收利用量。     

INDEXED SEQUENTIAL HYDROLOGIC MODELING FOR HYDROPOWER CAPACITY ESTIMATION1

ABSTRACT: The indexed sequential hydrologic modeling (ISM) methodology is utilized by the Western Area Power Administration as the basis for risk-based estimation of project-dependable hydropower capacity for several federally owned/operated projects. ISM is a technique based on synthetic generation of a series of overlapping short-term inflow sequences obtained directly from the historical record. The validity of ISM is assessed through application to the complex multireservoir hydropower system of the Colorado River basin for providing risk estimates associated with determination of reliable hydrogeneration capacity. Performance of ISM is compared with results from stochastically generated streamflow input data to the Colorado River Simulation System (CRSS). Statistical analysis and comparison of results are based on monthly power capacity, energy generation, and downstream water deliveries. Results indicate that outputs generated from ISM synthetically generated sequences display an acceptable correspondence with those obtained from stochastically generated hydrologic data for the Colorado River Basin.     

氢化物发生流动注射原子吸收分光光度法测定铅的研究

本研究将氢化物发生(HG)与流动注射分析(FIA)相结合产生PbH_4,采用火焰原子吸收(FAAS)检测铅,灵敏度比FAAS提高了2.5倍,水样加标回收率为91.7～97.8％,相对标准偏差1.6～2.4％之间,分析速度150样次/小时。     

AN ANALYSIS OF WATER RESOURCES CONSTRAINTS ON POWER PLANT SITING IN THE MID-ATLANTIC STATES1

ABSTRACT: Expansion of the electrical generation system in the Pennsylvania-Jersey-Maryland power pool will impact, and be constrained by, inland water availability. Future interpretations of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972 regarding evaporative cooling towers for coastal power plants, offshore siting and energy centers, and the policies and public acceptability of low flow augmentation reservoirs are some of the issues examined in this paper using scenarios generated by the Brookhaven National Laboratory Regional Energy Facility Siting Model (REFS). REFS is a multicommodity, transshipment-location linear programming model used here to allocate power plants among counties in a power pool under a minimization of cost objectives. The solutions are sensitive to the water resources assumptions in the model. For the year 2000, the amount of low flow augmentation allowed in the region's river basins and whether off-shore siting becomes a reality are the two water resources related issues which most affect the scenarios. The results show that decisions regarding specific water problems can have region wide implications for water and nonwater related issues.     

成都市市区固体生活垃圾现状分析和对策初探

本文介绍了成都市生活垃圾的现状与对策,包括近几年生活垃圾的产生量、组成和热值。根据生活垃圾的组成和热值,认为处理垃圾要逐步达到堆肥而实现资源化为主,适当发展焚烧发电处理,尽量减少填埋处理。     

Estimated heavy metal emissions to the atmosphere due to projected changes in the Brazilian energy generation matrix

An estimate of heavy metals emissions to the atmosphere due to the projected changes in the Brazilian energy generation fuel matrix is presented. Present use of fossil fuel combustion for energy production is projected to increase from the present 14.5% to 29.6% of the total energy generation in Brazil in 2005. Most of this increase will be based on coal- and natural-gas-burning plants. The changes will result in an increase of about 100% in the average emissions (in tons year⁻¹) of As (9.4 to 17.7), Cr (7.0 to 16.6) and Hg (2.4 to 4.1), 50% of Cd (1.2 to 1.8), and 20% of Ni (101 to 123) and Pb (23.3 to 29.9). Although relatively small for most heavy metals when compared to other industrial sources, the changes in the energy matrix will be particularly important for Hg, reaching a maximum emission of 12 tons (t) year⁻¹, representing 15% of the total emissions of Hg to the atmosphere in Brazil. The use of Brazilian coals and the location of most coal-burning plants in a relatively small region in the south of the country strongly suggest that monitoring programs should be implemented during the building of the new plants. At a regional level the expected increase in Hg emissions to the atmosphere due to coal burning in Brazil, although small relative to North America and Europe, will equal the total amount estimated for South and Central America.     

APPROACHES TO MULTIVARIATE MODELING OF WATER RESOURCES TIME SERIES1

ABSTRACT: Alternative approaches suggested for modeling multiseries of water resources systems are reviewed and compared. Most approaches fall within the general framework of multivariate ARMA models. Formal modeling procedures suggest a three-stage iterative process, namely: model identification, parameter estimation and diagnostic checks. Although a number of statistical tools are already available to follow such modeling process, in general, it is not an easy task, especially if high order vector ARMA models are used. However, simpler ARMA models such as the contemporaneous and the transfer-function models may be sufficient for most applications in water resources. Two examples of modeling bivariate and trivariate streamflow series are included. Alternative modeling procedures are used and compared by using data generation techniques. The results obtained suggest that low order models, as well as contemporaneous ARMA models, reproduce quite well the main statistical characteristics of the time series analyzed. It is assumed that the same conclusions apply for most water resources time series.     

发电集团安全管理实践与探索

电力体制改革后,在原来发电企业基础上新组建的各发电集团资产多样、地域广泛,组织结构复杂,企业的安全管理难度也大大增加。探索适当的安全管理方法,抓好企业安全管理工作,是发电集团普遍面临的重要问题。该文在对中国国电集团公司安全管理现状分析的基础上,提出了构建安全信息网络、规范安全管理、建设安监队伍、建设企业安全文化、建立监查机制、建立安全性评价机制和引入NOSA安健环管理系统等安全管理对策与措施。根据集团公司当前的安全状况,探讨了公司未来安全管理模式。     

A Mediation Case for Resolving the Energy and Environment Dispute at Aliağa-İzmir, Turkey

A mediation exercise to resolve the ongoing dispute against these power plant projects at Aliağa was recommended and participated in by the author in 1997. In this article the basis of the continuing environmental concern about the feared impacts of the new power plants, procedure, and results of this mediation are mentioned. The basis of the “energy versus environment” dispute in Aliağa are introduced. Mediation exercise and its end results have been criticized.     

以吲哚为燃料的微生物燃料电池降解和产电特性

以铁氰化钾为电子受体,在两极阴阳室内使用碳毛刷纤维为电极材料构建了循环式微生物燃料电池(MFC),研究了以吲哚为单一燃料和吲哚+葡萄糖为混合燃料条件下MFC的产电特性以及对吲哚和COD的去除效果.结果表明,以1000mg/L葡萄糖+250mg/L吲哚为混合燃料时,MFC的最高电压和最大功率密度分别为660mV和51.2W/m3(阳极),MFC运行10h对吲哚和COD的去除率分别为100%和89.5%;分别以250,500mg/L吲哚为单一燃料时,MFC的平均最高电压分别为115,118mV,最大功率密度分别为2.1,2.3W/m3(阳极).在MFC中,250,500mg/L吲哚被完全降解的时间分别为6,30h.MFC能够利用吲哚为燃料,在实现高效降解吲哚的同时对外产生电能,可用于处理含有毒且难降解有机物的焦化工业废水.