Effects of traffic pollution on the genetic structure of Poa annua L. populations

The genetic composition of Poa annua L, populations with a series of traffic pollution was studied by starch electrophoresis. Five enzyme systems were stained. The results showed that: (1) Traffic pollution can dramatically change genotypic frequencies at some loci of P. annua populations. Significant deviations from HardyWeinberg equilibrium were observed on loci Fe - 1 and Me due to the excess of heterozygotes in some populations.(2) The effective number of alleles per locus and the observed and expected heterozygosity were higher in the pollution series than in the clear control site(Botanic Park population), but the increase was not related with the pollution extent. (3) Most genetic variation was found within populations, and only 6.21% was among populations of the polluted series. Slightly higher differentiation( FST = 7.98%) was observed when the control population was included. (4) The calculated gene flow(Nm) is 2.8841 per generation. The mean of genetic identity is 0.9864 and the genetic distance average to 0.0138.     

机场终端区飞行流量的优化算法研究

为解决繁忙机场飞行终端区的交通拥挤问题,研究了遗传算法在跑道分配和飞机排序中的应用。建立多条跑道多架飞机的数学模型,使用遗传算法仿真计算寻求飞机进场总延迟时间最小的排序方案,并与传统的先到先服务算法进行了对比。结果表明:遗传算法与先到先服务排序相比较,总延迟时间减少了53%,说明了该算法排序结果明显优于先到先服务的排序结果。遗传算法具有全局寻优,且优化效率高的特点,有助于空中交通流量管理优化方案的建立。     

彗星试验技术在水生与土壤环境中的毒理学应用

彗星试验是一种检测真核细胞脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)损伤的技术,快速、低成本、适用于几乎所有真核细胞,因此常应用于遗传毒理学、辐射生物学、肿瘤细胞学、毒性检测等方面。尤其以灵敏度高、检测联合毒性的特点大量运用于环境研究中。主要介绍彗星试验方法学发展历程,彗星试验的原理及其在环境领域中的应用,并指出应用中的受限因素以及未来的发展前景,为今后进一步推广该试验技术提供理论上的指导与参考。     

有氧和厌氧环境下指示微生物的稳定性特征

建立有氧和厌氧水环境模拟反应器,利用荧光定量PCR和高通量测序技术探究了猪源拟杆菌标记物、部分指示微生物和潜在致病菌在有氧及厌氧水环境中的变化特征.结果表明,指示微生物 Streptococcaceae、Lactobacillaceae、Carnobacteriaceae、Ruminococcaceae、Lachnos...     

宁夏养牛场粪污和周边土壤中抗生素及抗生素抗性基因分布特征

畜禽粪便是抗生素和抗生素抗性基因（antibiotic resistance genes,ARGs）重要的储存库.为揭示宁夏肉牛养殖场牛粪和养殖场周边土壤中抗生素及ARGs的分布特征,采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法和高通量荧光定量法对不同规模的养牛场进行调查研究.结果表明：①牛粪中优势抗生素为四环素类、喹诺酮类和磺胺类.不同养殖期牛粪中抗生素含量差异显著;育肥前期和哺乳期抗生素含量较高,犊牛期相反.②土壤中以喹诺酮类和四环素类抗生素为主,喹诺酮类抗生素检出率和含量都最高.养殖场对周边土壤中抗生素的分布无影响;施用牛粪的土壤中喹诺酮类和四环素类抗生素含量显著增加.③牛粪中共检测到ARGs亚型79~142种,其中氨基糖苷类ARGs数目最多.育成期ARGs数目最多且相对丰度最高,犊牛期相反.所有养殖期牛粪中共存ARGs是tetQ、ermF和tetO-01.④土壤中ARGs亚型有35~79种,主要是多药类和氨基糖苷类ARGs.养殖场对周边土壤中ARGs的数目和相对丰度无影响;施用牛粪的土壤中ARGs数目和相对丰度都显著高于其他土壤.⑤磺胺类和氯霉素类ARGs在牛粪和土壤中都有水平移动的风险.牛粪中氨基糖苷类和四环素类ARGs相对丰度与其对应抗生素含量呈极显著相关.⑥对牛粪和土壤中各类ARGs相对丰度而言,氨基糖苷类与磺胺类和氯霉素类、可移动遗传元件（mobile genetic elements,MGEs）与氨基糖苷类和磺胺类均呈显著或极显著正相关,而大环内酯类与万古霉素类则呈显著负相关.本研究结果可为肉牛不同养殖期抗生素的使用和牛粪施用等提供理论依据.     

The potential of current legal structures to support Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander interests in the Australian bush food industry

There are complex connections between Australia’s native plants and first peoples, the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. The maintenance of these connections is central to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander culture and well-being and the tangible realisation of Australian policy commitments. Diverse cultural connections combine with other motivations to underpin an array of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander interests in the commercial development of traditional plant foods (‘bush foods’). Despite nation-wide policy support for these interests, there is no national legal framework to support them. This fortifies the popular call for a new (sui generis) law that transforms the interests of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples into enforceable legal rights. It is unclear the extent to which a single sui generis law might help Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples realise their diverse interests in the development of gourmet bush food products and new bush food varieties. It is also unlikely that Australia will implement such a law in the near future. This paper offers a preliminary study of the capacity of current legal structures to support some key Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander interests that might arise in these two development contexts. The study can inform the future development of practical legal strategies to support the diverse interests of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in the bush food industry.     

基于自适应遗传小波神经网络的水质评价建模

水环境污染过程的非确定性和非线性,使得传统的水质评价方法存在局限性。为了提高水质评价的准确性,提出了一种基于改进小波神经网络(wavelet neural network,WNN)的水质评价模型。采用自适应遗传算法(adaptive genetic algorithm,AGA)对小波神经网络的初始权值进行优化,再通过小波神经网络算法对网络进行训练,最后对训练好的网络展开测试。仿真结果表明,自适应遗传算法和小波神经网络的结合提高了网络的训练效率,该方法可以用于水质评价建模,并且评价结果具有较高的精度和准确性。     

基于灰色神经网络优化组合模型的火灾预测研究

为了提高火灾事故预测的精度,根据我国火灾事故数据样本较小,波动性较大的特点,将遗传算法优化的灰色无偏预测模型与遗传算法优化的BP神经网络模型结合起来,建立灰色神经网络优化组合模型,充分发挥无偏灰色预测模型适用于小样本的数据预测的优势与BP神经网络处理非线性问题的优点。分别采用遗传算法优化后的无偏灰色GM（1,1）模型、遗传算法优化的BP神经网络预测模型与灰色神经网络优化组合模型对我国1998-2008年的火灾事故进行拟合,并对2009-2011年的火灾事故发生数进行预测。结果表明:灰色神经网络优化组合模型的预测误差最小,精度最高,适用于火灾事故的预测。     

全尾砂絮凝沉降参数GA-SVM优化预测模型研究

为了得到经济、高效的絮凝沉降参数,建立GA_SVM预测模型进行优化选择。在优选过程中,以供砂浓度、絮凝剂单耗和絮凝剂添加浓度作为输入因子,以沉降速度作为综合输出因子,通过室内试验,建立训练、验证样本集;建立支持向量机（SVM）回归预测模型,用训练集对模型进行训练,进而以验证集预测值的均方误差作为适应度函数,通过遗传算法（GA）对SVM模型参数进行优化选择,应用优化得到的SVM模型对絮凝沉降参数进行预测、优化。以湖南某铅锌银矿为例,通过建立的GA_SVM模型对全尾砂絮凝沉降参数进行预测,优选出该矿最佳絮凝沉降参数为:供砂浓度20%-25%,絮凝剂单耗8g/t,添加浓度009%。经实验对比,该模型对絮凝沉降参数预测结果的相对误差能控制在5%左右,精确度较高,可以作为絮凝沉降参数优选的一种新思路     

基于GA-ELM的冲击地压危险性预测研究

为提高冲击地压预测的效率和准确率,在分析冲击地压影响因素的基础上,提出了一种将遗传算法(GA)与极限学习机(ELM)相结合的冲击地压预测的新方法。为了避免ELM受输入权值矩阵和隐含层偏差随机性的影响,算法采用GA对ELM的输入权值矩阵和隐含层偏差进行优化,建立GA-ELM冲击地压预测模型。利用某矿冲击地压统计数据对该模型进行了实例分析,将ELM、SVM和BP算法预测结果与该模型进行了对比分析。结果表明:GA-ELM模型具有较高的预测精度,可以相对准确、有效地对冲击地压发生的可能性进行预测。