大庆地区主要排水干渠水质和底质遗传生物毒性测试的探索

探讨了用蚕豆根尖细胞微核技术测试大庆地区主要排水干渠水质及底质的遗传毒性。并且通过污染指教PI值来研究水质底质的的综合毒性。结果表明作为一种灵敏度高、成本低廉的生物毒性监测方法，将在环境监测领域中有着广阔的应用前景。     

加速基因算法在海洋环境预报中的应用

基于自然选择和自然基因机制的基因算法是一种优秀的寻优方法，它利用遗传操作算子来模拟生物界的优生劣汰的规律，是一种多路径全局优化方法。为增强经典基因算法对实际模型参数变化范围的适应性，加快其全局寻优速度和简化算法参数设置技术，本文给邮了一种改进基因算法，并在海渔期预报，冰情预报中得到成功应用。该法可广泛用于各种工程模型优化之中。     

基于粗集、遗传神经网络的环境质量评价

基于粗集、遗传神经网络的环境质量评价方法利用粗集对属性的归约功能将数据库中的数据进行归约，并将归约后的数据作为训练数据提供给BP神经网络；再用遗传算法和BP算法相结合的混合算法来训练网络预测模型的结构（在得到最优网络结构的同时也得到网络的最优权值和阈值）。通过实例表明该方法是有效的，为环境质量评价提供了一种新的研究思路和分析方法。     

植物生物技术在黑麦草遗传改良中的应用

黑麦草是重要的牧草和草坪草,是畜牧业和草坪业重要的产业支柱.由于高度自交不亲和,传统遗传改良困难而复杂.生物技术尤其是转基因技术为其遗传改良带来希望.本文概述了组织培养技术、基因遗传转化技术、分子标记及数量性状基因定位、分子标记辅助育种等技术在黑麦草遗传改良中的应用及获得的成果;评述了遗传改良的重要意义,以及黑麦草遗传改良的主要目标,如品质改良、提高病害抗性、降低毒性生物碱浓度、控制花粉致敏性、抗除草剂品种的培育、提高抗逆性及其作为生物反应器的潜在应用价值等;并分析了功能基因组学的研究及RNA干扰技术在黑麦草研究中可能的应用前景.     

荧光假单胞菌(Pseudomonas fluorescens)工程菌株田间残留和扩散的追踪检测

分别在北京和江苏省连云港市对携带Btcry基因的荧光假单胞菌工程菌进行了田间残留与扩散的追踪检测 .对越冬前后的试验地和保护地土壤样品进行抗生素抗性平板分离 ,能检测到极少量的具有与出发菌株相同抗性的荧光假单胞菌菌落 ,但没有发现工程菌株的残留与扩散 .对江苏试验地样品还进行了工程菌株质粒卡那霉素和壮观霉素抗性标记基因的抗性菌落分离 ,绝大多数样品中都能分离到包括荧光假单胞菌在内的抗性菌落 ,土样中菌密度n(cfu) =10 4 ～ 10 5g-1,但进行Btcry基因PCR -RFLP检测时没有从样品中得到特异扩增产物 .研究结果表明 :工程菌株抗性标记基因在自然界广泛存在 ,工程菌在株环境中没有残留和扩散 ,具有良好的生物安全性 .表 4参 8     

中药青蒿的生理生化特征及其研究进展

中药青蒿即黄花蒿 (ＡｒｔｅｍｉｓｉａａｎｎｕａＬ .) ,与分类学上的青蒿 (Ａｒｔｅｍｉｓｉａａｐｉａｃｅａ)同属菊科 (ＡｓｔｅｒａｃｅａｅｏｒＣｏｍｐｏｓｉｔａｅ)蒿属(Ａｒｔｅｍｉｓｉａ) ,两者均为一年生草本植物且形态上非常相似 ,最明显的区别是黄花蒿的叶片为三回羽状全裂 ,而青蒿为二回羽状全裂 .青蒿广泛分布于全国各地 ,多生于海拔 40 0ｍ以下的丘陵平地[1] .现在这种植物广泛分布于世界各地[2 ] .青蒿在许多地区被用于编制花环 ,提取香料 ,更重要的是从青蒿中分离出的青蒿素是所有抗疟药中起效最快、疗效最好、毒性最低…     

杨树抗旱性研究进展

The drought resistance of woody plants, in particular, Populus, was reviewed in this paper. Studies about drought resistance of Populus mostly focused on changes in growth properties, physiological adaptation and biochemical aspects, but a few on molecular biology. The indexes of drought adaptation and productivity were analyzed and these indexes could be employed to identify drought resistance of woody plants. Combination of such different approaches will, hopefully, give us a more complete understanding of the various regulatory mechanisms in trees than what we may have today. With development of the molecular biology of woody plants, the sluties on stress resistance of Populus which was regarded as a model plant, are summarised. Ref 96     

Effect of Vegetation Matrix on Animal Dispersal: Genetic Evidence from a Study of Endangered Skinks

Abstract:  Maintaining connectivity in fragmented landscapes is a key principle of biological conservation. Although corridors are a widely accepted approach to connecting populations, their merits are still debated, and they may be impractical in many situations. A focus on management of the vegetation matrix between populations has been advocated as an alternative way to deal with habitat fragmentation and has theoretical support. We combined microsatellite DNA and demographic data to provide an empirical account of how two forms of agricultural land use affect the connectivity of insular populations of an endangered skink in southern New Zealand. The grand skink ( Oligosoma grande ) lives in small populations (approximately 20 individuals) on rock outcrops separated from one another by 50–150 m of inhospitable matrix vegetation (either native tussock grassland or exotic pasture). Skinks typically dispersed short distances, and the nature of the matrix both quantitatively and qualitatively affected dispersal dynamics. Skink populations in pasture were significantly more genetically structured and had less genetic variation than similar populations in tussock, implying less dispersal between populations in pasture than tussock. Furthermore, although female-biased dispersal was a feature of populations in tussock, no sex bias was evident in pasture. In addition, Bayesian individual-based genetic assignment tests that incorporated prior mark-recapture information revealed that some populations produced many emigrants but received few immigrants, whereas other populations were relatively insular. Patterns of dispersal and response to matrix vegetation were complex, and the causes of these patterns deserve attention in future studies of habitat fragmentation. Managing the vegetation matrix may be a practical way to connect animal populations in some situations.     

青蒿无性系中青蒿素生物合成的相关因素

通过诱导丛生芽的方法得到青蒿高产无性克隆系S1,并用S1进行了青蒿素生物合成相关因素的研究 .发现在Hoagland培养液中添加 0 .4 4mg/L浓度的ZnSO4或者 5 .72mg/L的HBO3 时 ,能有效提高青蒿素的含量 .研究表明 ,青蒿素含量和青蒿各株系间的遗传差异存在很大关系 ,RAPD分析的结果表明 ,用OPA15能够在青蒿高产株系中扩增到OPA15 10 0 0 这一特异性片段 .另外 ,对青蒿素含量和青蒿生殖生长关系的研究表明 ,青蒿素含量最高的发育时期是现蕾期 .图 7表 1参 19