相对灰色关联度在城市污水处理工艺优选中的应用

通过对城市污水处理工艺评价指标的定量化处理,并根据奖优罚劣的原则对初始指标集进行[-1,1]区间线性规范化处理,确定理想最优方案(A )和理想最劣方案(A-),以此计算出各待选方案与它们的相关系数(ζ)。采用变异系数法计算各指标权重(ω),并计算各候选方案相对最优方案的灰色关联度,进而确定最佳方案。     

人工神经网络和遗传算法在生物载体填料生产工艺中的应用

本文应用BP人工神经网络建立了生物流化床污水处理工艺中新型生物载体填料的生产工艺参数与填料磨损破碎率和松散容重之间的关系，并运用遗传算法对填料的生产工艺进行了优化。结果表明：填料的最佳生产工艺参数为：EVA含量14％；活性炭含量3．6％；胶粉粒度18.97目。此时，填料的磨损破碎率和松散容量均达到最优值，分别为0．358％和0．226kg／L。这一优化结果对生物载体填料的实际生产加工具有指导意义。     

浅议白云山酸雨现状与发展趋势

通过对广州白云山1994～2004年10年降水监测结果分析及其对白云山酸雨现状调查,分析酸雨产生的原因和发展趋势,并对控制和降低酸雨污染提出建议.     

元江干热河谷环境变迁与适应对策研究

元江是我国著名的干热区，当前的独特生态环境是由自然环境变化和人类活动作用共同影响而形成的。经过区域发展的纵向分析比较，不同时期的环境变化与适应对策都具有特异性，正确的社会行为适应、生产与技术适应是区域特色产业建设和可持续发展的重要保障。     

水陆交错带土壤氮素空间分异规律研究——以月亮泡水陆交错带为例

研究了氮素在水陆交错带的水平和垂直分异规律。结果表明表层土壤氮素水平分异显著高于下层（NH4^ －N除外）且随水分梯度分异；表层土壤各形态氮素含量基本上呈由近水体向高岗地带递减的分异趋势；但下层土壤氮素分异因形态不同而异，NO3^-－N含量由中间带向两侧递减，NH4^＋－N变异方向则与表层变异相反，K－N、OR－N与TN分异趋势相似且与表层变异一致；NO3^-－N因具有迁移性和易淋失性而使其空间分异最为显著；NH4^ －N较稳定，易被土壤胶体所吸附不易向下淋失，空间分异程度最小；K－N、OR－N与TN垂直分异趋势也具相似性；水陆交错带湿地土壤中的氮素含量与SOM和TP密切相关，而pH值对氮素分异的影响则不太显著。     

Meteorological normalisation and non-parametric smoothing for quality assessment and trend analysis of tropospheric ozone data

Despite extensive efforts to ensure that sampling and installation and maintenance of instruments are as efficient as possible when monitoring air pollution data, there is still an indisputable need for statistical post processing (quality assessment). We examined data on tropospheric ozone and found that meteorological normalisation can reveal (i) errors that have not been eliminated by established procedures for quality assurance and control of collected data, as well as (ii) inaccuracies that may have a detrimental effect on the results of statistical tests for temporal trends. Moreover, we observed that the quality assessment of collected data could be further strengthened by combining meteorological normalisation with non-parametric smoothing techniques for seasonal adjustment and detection of sudden shifts in level. Closer examination of apparent trends in tropospheric ozone records from EMEP (European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme) sites in Finland showed that, even if potential raw data errors were taken into account, there was strong evidence of upward trends during winter and early spring.     

Seasonal Variation in Bacterial Flora of the Wastewater and Soil in the Vicinity of Industrial Area

Environmental pollution is one of the major problems being facedtoday due to the advent of extensive industrialization. Heavy metals are the most important contaminants in wastewater that are present in abundance and are toxic. Heavy metal contentsof sewage in the industrial estate of Aligarh (U.P.) have beendetermined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The analysisof samples collected from six different locations revealedsignificantly high levels of Fe, Zn, Cu, Cr and Ni. Certainbacteriological (Total bacterial count, Total coliform, Fecal coliform, and Fecal Streptococci) parameters of domestic and industrial sewage as well as soils were monitored from March1990 to January 1993. Total bacterial count, total coliform,fecal coliform and fecal streptococci were found to be lowestin all the samples of industrial wastewater compared to thosein domestic sewage and soil systems. The soil however, contained highest total culturable bacterial population. In view of the common practice of the application of sewage to agricultural land in the neighbouring area, the discharge ofindustrial wastewater without proper treatment into public sewers should be strictly prohibited.     

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BASAL SOIL RESPIRATION RATE, TREE STAND AND SOIL CHARACTERISTICS IN BOREAL FORESTS

Soil respiration is considered to represent the overall microbial activity reflecting mineralisation of organic matter in soil. It is the most commonly used biological variable in soil studies. In long-term monitoring of forested areas, there is a need for reference values for soil microbiological variables in different forest ecosystems. In this study we describe the relationship between soil respiration rate, tree stand and humus chemical characteristics of boreal coniferous forests stands. Soil respiration rate was higher in pine dominated than in spruce dominated study sites when the result was calculated on dry matter bases. However, when calculated on area bases, the result was opposite and no difference was found when the soil respiration rate was calculated on organic carbon bases. Irrespective of the main tree species, the soil respiration rate was equal in different development classes but not equal in soil fertility classes, i.e. within forest site types based on differences in ground vegetation. Respiration rates were clearly higher in mesic sites when calculated on dry matter, C_org or area bases. However, soil respiration rate did not correlate with soil chemical variables indicating site fertility. Soil respiration rate on dry matter basis was at a lower level in the south and on more fertile sites, and on the other hand at a higher level in older stands and on sites with a thicker organic layer.     

太原市大气PM2.5中水溶性离子的季节污染特征及来源分析

为探究当前空气质量持续改善背景下重污染地区大气PM_2.5和水溶性无机离子（WSⅡs）的污染特征和季节变化,于2019年在太原市采集了四季PM_2.5样品.结果表明,2019年太原市PM_2.5年均质量浓度为（65.50±30.44）μg·m^-3,水溶性离子浓度的季节特征为：冬季（39.81 μg·m^-3） > 秋季（33.05 μg·m^-3） > 春季（20.50 μg·m^-3） > 夏季（19.62 μg·m^-3）.WSⅡs以二次离子SNA为主,占总离子浓度的76.90%±10.51%,且随着PM_2.5污染加重,SNA的比重显著升高.其中,SO₄^2-和NO₃^-在秋、冬季的浓度最高,这与气态污染物排放增加和二次转化程度的升高（硫氧化率SOR>0.30,氮氧化率NOR>0.10）有关;NH₄⁺、Cl^-和K⁺在冬季的浓度最高,是其他季节的1.2~7.9倍,可能归因于冬季燃煤和生物质燃烧活动的增加;由于春季风速较高,受土壤扬尘的影响,Ca²⁺和Mg²⁺的比重在春季显著增加为20.2%.春季和夏季为贫氨状态,而秋、冬季为富氨状态,且硝酸盐颗粒物在高湿度条件下的吸湿增长比硫酸盐更为显著.太原市大气PM_2.5中水溶性离子主要来源于二次生成、燃煤、生物质燃烧和土壤扬尘.     

民宿价格的空间分异特征及影响因素——以湖北省恩施州为例

民宿区别于传统的酒店,其价格具有独特的空间分布特征和影响因素。以湖北省恩施土家族苗族自治州民宿价格为研究对象,基于克里金法和特征价格模型,使用网络抓取的途家网民宿数据,运用ArcGIS 10.5进行插值分析,总结恩施州民宿价格的空间分布特征,并运用SPSS 24进行多元回归分析,构建特征价格模型,分析影响恩施民宿价格的影响因素。研究表明：（1）恩施民宿价格集聚效应明显,呈现“一大两小”的三个价格高值区;（2）民宿内部环境对民宿价格影响最为显著,民宿消费者更加注重其体验感和融入感;（3）省道和景点对民宿价格影响显著,而国道影响较小;（4）不同经营主体对民宿定价有所不同,其中个人房东经营民宿,其定价水平较高。研究结果为民宿选址、定价、空间布局以及旅游体验服务等方面提供参考。