复合菌剂对盆栽番茄土壤理化性质及微生物活性的影响

通过盆栽对照试验的方法,研究复合菌剂C1、C2对土壤理化性质及微生物活性的影响,结果表明：与对照相比,施用复合菌剂C1、C2能够减少土壤真菌的数量,在施菌剂早期可以增加土壤细菌的数量,对土壤放线菌影响较小;提高土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾等土壤养分的质量分数,降低土壤酸度;同时还能够显著地增强土壤脲酶、磷酸酶、纤维素酶及过氧化氢酶的活性。进一步对各处理的土壤因素进行主成分分析,结果显示PC1为土壤碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾,PC2为土壤矿化氮、脲酶、纤维素酶。综合评价土壤质量,复合菌剂C2在各处理中综合得分最大。     

A Two‐Decade Watershed Approach to Stream Restoration Log Jam Design and Stream Recovery Monitoring: Finney Creek,Washington

A federal, state, and private partnership leveraged resources and employed a long‐term, systematic approach to improve aquatic habitat degraded by decades of intensive forest management in Finney Creek, a tributary to the Skagit River of Northwest Washington State. After more than a decade of work to reduce sediment sources and the risk of landslides within the watershed, log jam installation commenced in 1999 and progressed downstream through 2010. Log jam design was adapted as experience was gained. A total of 181 log jams, including 60 floating log ballasted jams, were constructed along 12 km of channel. The goal was to alter hydraulic processes that affect aquatic habitat formation along 39 km of stream with emphasis on 18.5 km of lower Finney Creek. Aquatic habitat surveys over a five‐year period show an increase in the area of large pools and an accompanying increase in residual and maximum pool depth in the lower river reach. Channel cross sections show a generally deeper channel at the log jams, better channel definition in the gravel deposits at the head of the log jams, and improved riffle and thalweg development below the log jams. Stream temperature in the upper river decreased by 1.0°F in the first three years, and 1.1°F in the lowest treated reach over nine years. There is a trend of less stream heating over the restoration time period. Photo points show that riparian vegetation is recolonizing gravel bars.     

蚯蚓辅助微生物修复芘污染土壤

通过微宇宙实验,研究了蚯蚓对不同土壤中芘的微生物降解率的影响及蚯蚓对芘的富集率.结果表明,有机质较高土壤中芘的微生物降解率和蚯蚓富集率都低于有机质低的土壤,而老化作用降低了芘的生物有效性.无论在新鲜染毒还是老化的土壤中.蚯蚓均可提高土壤中芘的去除率和微生物降解率.在新鲜染毒的红壤和潮土中,蚯蚓可使芘的去除率由41.78%和27.02%分别提高到89.24%和57.53%,其中分别有51.48%和41.63%是蚯蚓促进的微生物降解作用引起的,37.76%和15.90%归因于蚯蚓富集作用.而在老化的红壤和潮土中,蚯蚓可使芘的去除率由36.53%和20.50%分别提高到91.93%和45.46%,其中分别有54.43%和32.83%是蚯蚓促进的微生物降解作用引起的,37.50%和12.63%归因于蚯蚓富集作用.     

Removal of airborne microorganisms emitted from a wastewater treatment oxidation ditch by adsorption on activated carbon

Bioaerosol emissions from wastewater and wastewater treatment processes are a significant subgroup of atmospheric aerosols. Most previous work has focused on the evaluation of their biological risks. In this study, however, the adsorption method was applied to reduce airborne microorganisms generated from a pilot scale wastewater treatment facility with oxidation ditch. Results showed adsorption on granule activated carbon (GAC) was an e cient method for the purification of airborne microorganisms. The GAC itself had a maximum adsorption capacity of 2217 CFU/g for airborne bacteria and 225 CFU/g for fungi with a flow rate of 1.50 m3/hr. Over 85% of airborne bacteria and fungi emitted from the oxidation ditch were adsorbed within 80 hr of continuous operation mode. Most of them had a particle size of 0.65–4.7 m. Those airborne microorganisms with small particle size were apt to be adsorbed. The SEM/EDAX, BET and Boehm’s titration methods were applied to analyse the physicochemical characteristics of the GAC. Relationships between GAC surface characteristics and its adsorption performance demonstrated that porous structure, large surface area, and hydrophobicity rendered GAC an e ective absorber of airborne microorganisms. Two regenerate methods, ultraviolet irradiation and high pressure vapor, were compared for the regeneration of used activated carbon. High pressure vapor was an e ective technique as it totally destroyed the microorganisms adhered to the activated carbon. Microscopic observation was also carried out to investigate original and used adsorbents.     

复合微生物絮凝剂产生菌XL1的优化条件

从活性污泥中筛选出4株产微生物絮凝剂的菌株,将4株菌进行相互复合培养后,发现1号和2号菌株构建的复合菌群（XL1）所产MBF的絮凝率达到65．5％。优化XLI的培养条件及其所产MBF的絮凝条件后,发现XL1在培养温度为35℃、摇床转速为160rpm、培养基初始pH为8．0、菌液用量为15ml／L、种子液接种量为10ml／L、1％CaCl,溶液用量为40ml／L、高岭土悬浮液pH为4．5、静沉时间为12min等的条件下絮凝率可达到92．5％。16S rDNA测序鉴定1号菌属于沙雷菌属（Serratia）,2号菌属于芽孢杆菌菌属（Bacillus）。     

环境因子对南极海洋芳香烃降解微生物生长和降解的影响

以从南极地区分离纯化的具有低温芳香烃降解功能的嗜冷菌Planococcus sp.NJ41为研究对象,模拟低温海洋环境对影响其生长和降解的环境因子进行分析研究,确定其最适的萘降解条件:动球菌Planococcus sp.NJ41可在以萘为唯一碳源的无机盐培养基中生长并在低温(0～10℃)下高效降解萘等芳香烃;其最适生长...     

SBR中活性污泥培养驯化的研究

文章主要研究在序列间歇式活性污泥法(SBR)中活性污泥的培养驯化,以人工配制的污水作为营养液,通过控制温度(26℃左右)、pH(6.8～7.8)、溶解氧(2～6 mg/L)等试验条件来进行污泥的逐步培养驯化,主要探究在培养期间活性污泥浓度(主要测其MLSS)、对COD的去除效果、30分钟沉降比和活性污泥微生物相随培养时间变化而变化的规律。以及培养中出现的异常状况与解决方法。     

出水回流对ABR反应器启动过程中污染物去除效果和微生物种群的影响

出水回流对厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)抗酸化性能及机制的影响研究是提升高负荷ABR稳定运行研究的热点.因此,本文采用ABR处理模拟废水,采用常温、高负荷启动方式,研究回流对ABR启动过程中运行效果、挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)及微生物种群分布的影响.结果显示,回流对ABR的COD去除率影响不大,但可使反应器的pH值更稳定;回流反应器中的VFA累积速率降低了1/3,有利于减少VFA的积累;回流反应器中的微生物主要有短杆菌、球菌、链球菌及拟杆菌等,回流提高了反应器中的微生物多样性,从而提高了微生物种群的稳定性.回流反应器中真细菌、古细菌、产氢产乙酸菌和耗氢产乙酸菌的相对丰度均高于不回流反应器,真细菌平均高出8.5%,古细菌平均高出4.5%,产氢产乙酸菌和耗氢产乙酸菌分别高出3.5%和3.0%.通过回流能够调控pH值、VFA浓度、微生物种群结构及分布,进而提升ABR反应器的抗酸化性.     

模拟氮沉降对三江平原小叶章湿地土壤微生物碳源利用能力的影响

大气氮沉降会对湿地土壤微生物的结构和功能产生显著影响,因此研究不同浓度氮沉降对三江平原小叶章湿地土壤微生物碳源利用能力的影响,对于保护和利用湿地生态系统具有重要意义.采用Biolog-Eco技术探究了连续5 a模拟氮沉降对小叶章湿地土壤微生物碳源利用能力的影响.结果表明：①长期的氮素施加会显著改变小叶章湿地土壤含水量（SMC）、pH、硝态氮（NO₃^-）、铵态氮（NH₄⁺）、溶解性有机碳（DOC）和总氮（TN）的含量（P<0.05）;②土壤微生物的平均颜色变化率（AWCD）呈现的规律为：对照（CK）>高氮（HN）>低氮（LN）.低氮处理显著降低了土壤微生物香农（Shannon）指数（P<0.05）,高氮处理显著降低了土壤微生物皮卢（Pielou）指数（P<0.05）.③不同氮浓度下土壤微生物碳源利用能力显著不同,其中低氮处理显著抑制了土壤微生物对糖类、醇类、胺类和酸类的利用强度（P<0.05）;高氮处理显著促进了微生物对酯类的利用,但高氮使土壤微生物对糖类、胺类和酸类碳源产生抑制作用（P<0.05）.④冗余分析显示,NH₄⁺、DOC和pH是影响三江平原小叶章湿地土壤微生物碳代谢能力的主要环境因子.长期氮沉降会导致土壤微生物功能多样性的降低,有关碳源底物利用的微生物活性也明显降低,并且微生物对单一碳源底物的利用能力也发生改变.     

The inactivation of bacteriophages MS2 and PhiX174 by nanoscale zero-valent iron: Resistance difference and mechanisms

• The resistance of phage PhiX174 to nZVI was much stronger than that of MS2. • The nZVI damaged the surface proteins of both bacteriophages. • The nZVI could destroy the nucleic acid of MS2, but not that of PhiX174. •The phage inactivation was mainly attributed to the damage of the nucleic acid. Pathogenic enteric viruses pose a significant risk to human health. Nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI), a novel material for environmental remediation, has been shown to be a promising tool for disinfection. However, the existing research has typically utilized MS2 or f2 bacteriophages to investigate the antimicrobial properties of nZVI, and the resistance difference between bacteriophages, which is important for the application of disinfection technologies, is not yet understood. Here, MS2 and PhiX174 containing RNA and DNA, respectively, were used as model viruses to investigate the resistances to nZVI. The bacteriophage inactivation mechanisms were also discussed using TEM images, protein, and nucleic acid analysis. The results showed that an initial concentration of 10⁶ PFU/mL of MS2 could be completely inactivated within 240 min by 40 mg/L nZVI at pH 7, whereas the complete inactivation of PhiX174 could not be achieved by extending the reaction time, increasing the nZVI dosage, or changing the dosing means. This indicates that the resistance of phage PhiX174 to nZVI was much stronger than that of MS2. TEM images indicated that the viral particle shape was distorted, and the capsid shell was ruptured by nZVI. The damage to viral surface proteins in both phages was examined by three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). However, the nucleic acid analysis demonstrated that the nucleic acid of MS2, but not PhiX174, was destroyed. It indicated that bacteriophage inactivation was mainly attributed to the damage of nucleic acids.