Biodegradation of azo dyes by genetically engineered azoreductase

A azoreductase gene with 537 bp was obtained by PCR amplification from Rhodobacter sphaeroides ASI. 1737. The enzyme,with a molecular weight of 18.7 kD, was efficiently expressed in Escherichia coli and its biodegradation characteristics for azo dyes were investigated. Furthermore, the reaction kinetics and mechanism of azo dyes catalyzed by the genetically engineered azoreductase were studied in detail. The presence of a hydrazo-intermediate was identified, which provided a convincing evidence for the assumption that azo dyes were degraded via an incomplete reduction stage.     

高活性絮凝剂产生菌群的构建、培养及应用研究

从筛选到的絮凝剂产生菌中构建出能比单一菌群产生更高絮凝活性的复合菌群——复合菌群1（BAFRT4＋CYGS1）．为降低复合菌群1的培养成本,尝试用啤酒废水替代葡萄糖作为培养基中的碳源和能源并获得成功．在优化培养条件下,复合菌群1所产MBF的絮凝活性达96.8％．复合菌群1所产MBF对靛蓝印染废水有良好的处理效果,最大CODCr去除率和脱色率分别达79．2％和87．6％．     

含盐工业废水生化处理耐盐污泥驯化及其机制

通过比较在高盐和低盐条件下活性污泥驯化过程,研究了含盐工业废水生化处理耐盐污泥驯化的可行性、特点及其生物学过程.结果表明以盐份作为选择压力可以驯化出具有高降解活性的耐盐污泥,在NaCl浓度为45 000mg/L,容积负荷为1.6kgCODCr/(m³d)时,其COD_Cr去除率可达到96.6%.对耐盐污泥的驯化过程中的微生物优势生理群变化分析显示,随着进水盐浓度的增加,耐盐苯乙酸降解微生物生理群数量在15d时间内从10⁹cfu/(gVSS)上升到10¹¹cfu/(g.VSS),成为污泥中的优势生理群.     

高效水解酸化UASB活性污泥的菌群结构分析

采用454高通量测序技术对低能耗、低污泥产量且具有脱氮效能的印染废水处理工艺中UASB污泥的微生物菌群结构进行了分析.结果表明,UASB内污泥的微生物菌种呈多样性分布且优势菌群突出,通过菌群鉴定发现,脱硫橄榄样菌属(Desulfobacula)、Levilinea、长绳菌属(Longilinea)、Candidatus Tammella、Paludibacter、索氏菌属(Thauera)、Tepidimicrobium、杆状脱硫菌属(Desulforhabdus)、类芽孢杆菌属(Paenibacillus)、梭菌属(Clostridium)是主要的优势菌属.其中,梭菌属是起到产酸和污泥减量作用的主要菌种.另外,具有脱氮效能的原因可能是由于发生了硫酸盐型厌氧氨氧化作用.通过Shannon、Chao、Simpson、Shannon指数的计算,发现该UASB中微生物较其他废水处理系统,群落结构拥有较高的多样性和丰度,有利于稳定产酸.     

Photocatalytic bacterial inactivation by polyoxometalates

The photocatalytic inactivation (PCI) of Escherichia coli (Gram-negative) and Bacillus subtilis (Gram-positive) was performed using polyoxometalate (POM) as a homogeneous photocatalyst and compared with that of heterogeneous TiO₂ photocatalyst. Aqueous suspensions of the microorganisms (10⁷–10⁸ cfu ml⁻¹) and POM (or TiO₂) were irradiated with black light lamps. The POM-PCI was faster than (or comparable to) TiO₂-PCI under the experimental conditions employed in this study. The relative efficiency of POM-PCI was species-dependent. Among three POMs (H₃PW₁₂O₄₀, H₃PMo₁₂O₄₀, and H₄SiW₁₂O₄₀) tested in this study, the inactivation of E. coli was fastest with H₄SiW₁₂O₄₀ while that of B. subtilis was the most efficient with H₃PW₁₂O₄₀. Although the biocidal action of TiO₂ photocatalyst has been commonly ascribed to the role of photogenerated reactive oxygen species such as hydroxyl radicals and superoxides, the cell death mechanism with POM seems to be different from TiO₂-PCI. While TiO₂ caused the cell membrane disruption, POM did not induce the cell lysis. When methanol was added to the POM solution, not only the PCI of E. coli was enhanced (contrary to the case of TiO₂-PCI) but also the dark inactivation was observed. This was ascribed to the in situ production of formaldehyde from the oxidation of methanol. The interesting biocidal property of POM photocatalyst might be utilized as a potential disinfectant technology.     

Influence of the zebra mussel and fish fry on structural and functional characteristics of microorganisms in experimental ecosystems

The interactions of zebra mussels, invertebrates, fish, and microorganisms were studied experimentally. Trends in the distribution of total bacterial biomass, the abundance of heterotrophic organisms, and their functional activities in water and grounds were analyzed. The most favorable conditions for development of bacteria developed in June, in the presence of fish and without zebra mussels. In experimental ecosystems with zebra mussels, a decrease in the abundance and activity of microorganisms and a change of dominant yeast forms were observed.     

低温菌去除污染物的研究现状

低温菌在自然界的分布非常广泛，低温菌由于具有特殊的遗传背景和代谢途径，能够产生适合低温环境且具有特殊功能的各种酶类及其它活性物，从而使低温菌在寒冷环境条件下表现出其他微生物无法替代的生物活性。文章在分析、总结国内外有关低温菌低温环境条件下去除污水中不同污染物的研究基础上，认为低温菌在寒冷地区污水治理领域具有广阔的应用前景。     

化学农药对土壤微生物的影响

农药的使用势必对土壤微生物产生影响，由于土壤中的微生物处在共生状态，而土壤中的很多物质分解是靠微生物来完成的，因此微生物受农药影响而发生的各种变化，都会对物质分解过程（如碳、氮循环），植物的生长发育，以及植物病理等产生影响。该文概述了农药对土壤微生物的６个方面影响，并提出了还需进一步研究的方向。     

Dissimilatory reduction of Fe~III (EDTA) with microorganisms in the system of nitric oxide removal from the flue gas by metal chelate absorption

IntroductionThecombustionoffossilfuelsgeneratesSO2 andNOxpollutantswhichcauseairpollutionandacidrain .Existingfluegasdesulfurization(FGD)scrubbersinvolvelimestoneprocesses,whichareefficientforcontrollingSO2 emission ,butareincapableofremovingalmostwater i…     

CANON工艺中的微生物及其相互关系

文章着重对新型生物脱氮工艺-CANON工艺中微生物学方面的研究进行了综述;论述了生物膜内可能发生的硝化、亚硝化、氨氧化等反应的原因及其相应的生物化学反应机理,继而指出生物膜内可能存在的几种微生物及其自身的物质与能量代谢途径;阐述了CANON工艺的微生物学工作原理,分析了工艺模型中各类功能微生物间的相互作用关系、生化反应机理和对处理效率的贡献.本文为该新型生物脱氮技术的实践应用打下了理论基础.