雪峰古陆西南缘区域地球化学场对成矿的控制作用

研究区内不同时代的地层中 ,元素Au、Ag、Sb、Cu、Pb、Zn等具有不同的含量及统计参数特征 ,在区域上构成了 2个大的地球化学场和 1 0个次级场 ,它们控制了不同类型矿床的分布 ,显示了地球化学场与成矿的内在联系     

四川湾坝—冶勒地区构造地球化学特征

通过地球化学、地球物理特征与区域地质构造的研究 ,证实湾坝—冶勒地区地球化学分区和物理分区与构造单元划分有极强的对应关系 ;通过元素明显浓集区的研究 ,推测有两个隐伏岩体存在 ,主要成矿元素富集带与构造成矿带一致。     

煤中镍的研究进展

镍是煤中毒害性元素之一,燃煤过程中镍对大气、水、土壤、生物的危害性是不可低估的。本文综述了镍的地球化学特征,以及煤中镍的分布、赋存状态与迁移规律。     

西藏地热系统的稀碱金属特征及开发利用潜力

西藏地热系统中发现地热流体稀碱金属含量的世界最高值以及喜马拉雅地热带最大水热系统羊八井地热田的稀碱金属测定,为研究全球唯一陆壳相聚超厚地壳上喜马拉雅地热带的特殊热源机制提供了令人信服的地球化学依据。羊八井电厂热排水回收稀碱金属也为综合利用地热流体,消除环境污染,提高电厂经济效益创造了不可多得的机遇和方案选择。     

金厂沟梁金矿床矿脉原生地球化学特征及深部含矿性评价

金厂沟梁金矿床的矿脉走向主要为NW向和近SN向 ,NW向矿脉中矿体赋存深度比近SN向矿脉浅约 2 0 0m。近南北向矿脉的金矿体主要赋存在矿脉向西凸出与平稳变化的转折部位。As、Sb含量和F3因子得分值的高值指示矿体上部 ,Co、Mo含量和F5因子得分值的高值指示矿体的下部或尾部。黄铁矿是最主要的载金矿物 ,中粒、半自形晶 ,碎裂发育 ,晶体内含杂质较多的黄铁矿含金率高。在东矿区 ,近SN向矿脉的探矿重点应放在寻找六中段以上部位的平行矿脉 ,NW向矿脉的探矿重点应放在二—三中段以上的较浅部位     

新疆主要金矿床地质和地球化学特征

新疆地处中国西北部，矿产丰富，尤其是近10年来，在金矿地质科研和开采提炼方法的研究有了新的突破，使得新疆成为中国最重要的矿金地之一，新疆位于西伯利亚板块和印度板块之间，主要由若干个地块和褶皱造山带组成，迄今为止，已发现岩金矿床40余处，依据主要金矿床的构造背景，矿床地质和地球化学特征，可以得到下列认识；（1）金矿化作用主要发生于前寒武纪和华力西期；（2）产于华力西褶皱造山带中的主要金矿床类型有：浊积岩型，火山岩和韧性剪切带型；（3）金矿床具备良好的成矿地质条件，金在高背景区通过活化，迁移并富集于适宜的断裂活动带中，形成大而富的金矿床；（4）金矿床的主要控矿因素是地层，岩浆岩和构造，尤其是韧性剪切带；（5）通过成矿作用物理化学条件研究，金矿化作用是在浅成，中低温，低盐度和强还原环境下进行的；（6）稳定同位素资料显示，金矿床的成矿期在245－359Ma并主要集中于270Ma，（7）围岩蚀变主要有硅化，黄铁绢英岩化，黄铁矿化，钾化，钠化等，其中黄铁矿化，黄铁绢英岩化和玉髓化是良好的找矿标志；（8）根据S、C、Si,Sr,Pb同位素资料，成矿物质主要来源于下地壳和上地幔，并受到地壳混染；（9）依据H、O同位素资料，早期成矿过程中成矿流体以岩浆水和变质水为主，中晚期成矿过程中则以天水为主。     

Hydrochemical Monitoring and Heavy Metal Contaminations at the Narim Mine Creek in the Sulcheon District, Republic of Korea

The Narim gold mine is located approximately 200km southeast of Seoul within the Sulcheon mineralised district in the Yeongnam massif, Korea. In this study, environmental geochemical analyses were undertaken for soil, sediment and water samples collected in April, September and November in 1998 from the Narim mine creek. The mine area consists mainly of granitic gneiss; however, mineral constituents of soil and sediment near the mine were mainly composed of quartz, feldspar, mica, amphibole, some pyrite and clay minerals. Also were found some pyrite, arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena, malachite, goethite, various hydroxide and unidentified secondary minerals. Generally, high concentrations of heavy metals in the soil and sediment are correlated with a high proportion of secondary minerals. Hydrochemical compositions of water samples are characterised by relative significant enrichment of Na⁺+K⁺ and alkali metals in the ground water, whereas the surface and mine waters are relatively enriched in Ca²⁺+Mg²⁺ and heavy metals. Anion contents of the ground waters are typically enriched in HCO₃ ^–, NO₃ ^– and Cl^–, whereas the surface and mine waters are highly enriched in HCO₃ ^– and SO₄ ^2–. The pH and EC values of the surface water from the non-mine creek are relatively lower compared with those of the surface water around the mine and waste dump. The range of D and ¹⁸O values (d parameters) of the water samples are shown in distinct two groups for the April waters of 10.1–13.1, and for the November waters of 5.8–7.9, respectively. This range variation indicates that two group water were composed of distinct waters because of seasonal difference. Geochemical modelling showed that mostly heavy toxic metals may exist largely in the form of free metal (M²⁺) and metal-sulphate (MSO₄ ^2–), and SO₄ ^2– concentration influenced the speciation of heavy metals in the mine water. These metals in the ground water could be formed of CO₃ ^– and OH^– complex ions. Using a computer program, saturation indices of albite, calcite, dolomite in mostly surface water show undersaturated and progressively evolved toward the saturation state, however, ground and mine waters are nearly saturated. The gibbsite, kaolinite and smectite are supersaturated in the surface and ground water, respectively. Calculated water-mineral reaction and stabilities suggest that the weathering of silicate minerals may be stable kaolinite. The clay minerals of K-illite and Na-smectite will be transformed to more stable kaolinite owing to the continuous reaction.     

宿州市表层土壤重金属元素环境地球化学基线研究

环境地球化学基线作为能够判别自然和人为环境影响的地球化学指标,不同地区基线值的确定具有重要的现实意义和参考价值。本研究以宿州市为例,通过野外采样和室内测试,对表层土壤中的Cu、Zn、Pb、As、Cr、V六种重金属元素进行总量分析,采用标准化方法和相对累积频率分析方法计算确定宿州市土壤环境地球化学基线,基于确定的地球化学基线值,运用地质累积指数法对宿州市表层土壤重金属污染进行环境地球化学评价。结果表明,研究区表层土壤中Cu、Zn、Pb、As、Cr、V的平均含量分别为18.29、52.61、20.84、10.29、69.83和82.27 mg/kg;确定的环境地球化学基线值分别为16.97、48.66、19.43、9.07、65.22和79.08 mg/kg,获得的基线值符合其定义和实际意义;地质累积指数计算分析结果显示,六种重金属元素大部分处于无污染级别,少量达到无污染到中度污染级别,六种重金属元素在表层土壤中的富集贫化不明显。     

攀枝花市水系沉积物与土壤中重金属的地球化学特征比较

水系沉积物和土壤都是表生作用的产物,是环境中污染物质的重要受纳体,但两者在物质来源和受纳污染物方面又有不同。重金属通过不同方式进入到水系沉积物和土壤之中产生污染,对于区域环境具有重要的影响。为了了解攀枝花市水系沉积物和土壤中重金属元素地球化学特征的异同和污染状况,在攀枝花市范围内系统采集了水系沉积物和土壤样品,从环境地球化学角度,应用地球化学方法研究了攀枝花市水系沉积物及土壤中重金属的地球化学特征,应用地质累积指数法评价了污染情况,并对二者进行了比较研究。结果表明,攀枝花市水系沉积物中重金属的含量普遍高于土壤;水系沉积物和土壤中重金属的分布具有相似的特征;水系沉积物中重金属的污染程度高于土壤,但总体上来说,重金属的污染程度较小。两者的污染程度不同是因为接受污染物的方式不同;两者的分布趋势相同,说明具有相同或相近的污染来源。     

Geochemical and Geophysical Monitoring of Salinewater Intrusion in Korean Paddy Fields

The saline water intruded zone in paddy fields near the seashore can be diagnosed accurately by joint exploration with geophysical and geochemical methods. Using the electromagnetic (EM) sounding technique, the weakly consolidated zone which introduces saline water into such an area of near seashore paddy fields in Korea was detected from the variation of electrical conductivity distribution following field irrigation. Vertical electrical sounding (VES) with Schlumberger array and chemical analysis of top soils, and groundwater in the study area verified the intruded zone near the surface. The VES results showed that the intrusion of seawater occurred in the form of a channel down to 30 m below sea level. Geochemical analysis of the top soil samples for the six major elements found in seawater indicated that the region showing high concentrations is concordant with the weakly consolidated zone near the surface. The degree of contamination in the study area was investigated by comparing the soil data with those from a nearby old reclamation field. If remediation work is not done for this intrusion zone, the sodicity degree in the paddy soil is expected to increase compared with the reference site data.