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61.
62.
沼液复合型杀虫剂的田间应用试验研究 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
通过沼液复合型杀虫剂的田间应用试验,对各种沼液复合型杀虫剂的抗病防虫性能进行了深入研究.在大田应用条件下测试了沼液复合型杀虫剂的杀虫效果.结果表明,该沼液复合型杀虫剂对蚜虫的毒杀作用均比较明显.为了推进沼液复合型杀虫剂的商业化进程,提出便于其田间应用的各种最佳配比浓度,即BP01号、BP02号、BP03号、BP04号、BP05号沼液复合型杀虫剂抗病防虫性能最佳的配比分别为9 500倍液、26000倍液、11 667倍液、22 000倍液和13 333倍液. 相似文献
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INTRODUCTION: Although the LATCH System (Lower Anchors and Tethers for Children) holds the promise of simplifying the installation of a child restraint system (CRS) to the vehicle's seat, many drivers transporting young children have difficulties using this technology. This paper reports on an observation study of LATCH use and misuse. METHOD: Observations of approximately 1,000 children less than 5 years of age in CRSs, in the back seats of vehicles that were equipped with tether and lower anchors, in seven states. RESULTS: Tethers were used for 51% of the children when the forward-facing CRS had tether straps and the vehicle had tether anchors. Lower anchors were used for 58% of the children when the CRS had lower attachments and the vehicle had lower anchors. The most common tether and lower attachment misuses were loose tether straps (18% of cases) and loose lower attachment installation (30% of the cases), respectively. Vehicle safety belts were used in combination with lower attachments in 20% of all lower anchor installations. CONCLUSION: As more caregivers of young children drive vehicles equipped with LATCH, it will be important to promote the proper installation of CRSs using this technology. LATCH education messages must also emphasize that the lower anchors may not always be the safest choice for CRS attachment -- the safest attachment is the one that results in a tight fit and will be used correctly consistently. 相似文献
64.
Assessing field vulnerability to phosphorus loss in Beijing agricultural area
using Revised Field Phosphorus Ranking Scheme 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Guanting Reservoir,one of the drinking water supply sources of Beijing,suffers from water eutrophication.It is mainly supplied by Guishui River.Thus,to investigate the reasons of phosphorus(P)loss and improve the P management strategies in Guishui River watershed are important for the safety of drinking water in this region.In this study,a Revised Field P Ranking Scheme(PRS)was developed to reflect the field vulnerability of P loss at the field scale based on the Field PRS.In this new scheme,six factors are included, and each one was assigned a relative weight and a determination method.The affecting factors were classified into transport factors and source factors,and,the standards of environmental quality on surface water and soil erosion classification and degradation of the China were used in this scheme.By the new scheme,thirty-four fields in the Guishui River were categorized as"low","medium"or"high"potential for P loss into the runoff.The results showed that the P loss risks of orchard and vegetable fields were higher than that of corn and soybean fields.The source factors were the main factors to affect P loss from the study area.In the study area,controlling P input and improving P usage efficiency are critical to decrease P loss.Based on the results,it was suggested that more attention should be paid on the fields of vegetable and orchard since they have extremely high usage rate of P and high soil test of E Compared with P surplus by field measurements,the Revised Field PRS was more suitable for reflecting the characteristics of fields,and had higher potential capacity to identify critical source areas of P loss than PRS. 相似文献
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The objective of this study was to compare the effects of repeated field applications of three urban compost amendments and one farmyard manure amendment over a 9-year period on aggregate stability in a silty loam soil initially characterized by low clay and initial organic matter contents and poor aggregate stability. Three different aggregate stability tests with increasing disruptive intensities (fast wetting > mechanical breakdown > slow wetting tests) and different disaggregation mechanisms, were used. All of the amendments, which were applied at approximately 4 Mg C ha−1 every other year, increased the organic carbon content and improved the stability of the aggregates against the disruptive action of water, as determined by each of the stability tests. However, the year-to-year variations in the aggregate stability that related to factors other than the organic inputs were greater than the cumulative increase in aggregate stability relative to the control. The positive effects of the tested amendments on aggregate stability were linked to their contribution to soil organic C contents (r = 0.54 for the fast wetting test and r = 0.41-0.42 for the mechanical breakdown and slow wetting tests; p < 0.05). The addition of urban composts had a larger positive effect on aggregate stability than farmyard manure at the majority of sampling dates. The addition of biodegradable immature compost, such as municipal solid waste (MSW), improved the aggregate stability through an enhanced resistance to slaking. The addition of mature composts, such as the co-compost of sewage sludge and green wastes (GWS) or biowaste compost (BW), improved the aggregate stability by increasing interparticular cohesion. The MSW compost was the most efficient in improving aggregate stability during the first 6 years of the experiment (average improvements of +22%, +5% and +28% in the fast wetting, mechanical breakdown and slow wetting tests, respectively, compared to the control treatment); this result was likely due to the larger labile organic pool of the MSW compost that was highly effective at stimulating soil microbial activity. After the first 6 years, the two other composts, GWS and BW, became more efficient (average improvements of +25%, +61% and +33% in the fast wetting, mechanical breakdown and slow wetting tests, respectively, compared to the control treatment), which was probably linked to the greater increase in soil organic C contents. Therefore, the application of urban compost to silty soil that is susceptible to water erosion was effective at improving aggregate stability and thus could be used to enhance the resistance of soil to water erosion. 相似文献
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根据大连金州2009年常规气象站资料分析大连金州地区海陆风变化特征,并用MM5V3模式模拟典型日的海陆风风场变化和热内边界层位温场结构变化,结果表明:海风和陆风出现的频率有明显的季节性变化。冬季陆风较多,春夏海风较多,春季、冬季易形成海陆风;海风起止时间夏季长冬季短,陆风起止时间秋冬季较夏季长;典型海陆风日中,海风造成陆地湿度变大,海风风速大于陆风风速;通过海风的数值模拟,海风由生成到成熟海岸吹向内陆其厚度可增厚到1 000 m以上,伸向内陆距离可到18.9 km;热内边界层向内陆呈舌状分布,海岸边界层高度在700 m之间,抛物面高度随着向内陆延伸的距离增加而升高。热内边界层最高达1 000 m。 相似文献
69.
伊犁河流域土壤重金属环境地球化学基线研究及污染评价 总被引:7,自引:4,他引:3
采用标准化方法建立伊犁河流域黑钙土、栗钙土、灰钙土和盐碱土Cu、Zn、Pb、As、Hg环境地球化学基线模型,并计算其理论基线值.采用基线因子污染指数评价法、环境背景值评价法和重金属环境洁净度评价法对流域土壤进行对比污染评价.结果表明:①基线因子污染评价显示流域内4种典型土壤类型以As的污染最为突出,黑钙土、栗钙土、灰钙土分别有7.14%、9.76%、7.50%的样点达重度污染;其次为Pb,栗钙土有7.32%的样点达重度污染,且As和Pb的变异度最大,表明人为扰动大.②环境背景值评价显示,土壤主要污染元素为As,其次为Cu、Zn、Pb;③土壤重金属环境洁净度评价显示,Cu、Zn、Pb在4种土类中均优于二级洁净度,Hg为一级洁净度,As在灰钙土中为中度污染,黑钙土、栗钙土、盐碱土为二级或优于二级.比较3种评价体系,基线因子污染评价较为充分地体现了元素地球化学迁移特性及土壤发育过程,且可将污染评价定位到样点;而背景值污染评价因建立于区域背景值,忽视了重金属元素在土壤中自然迁移、淀积过程;重金属环境洁净度评价则以土壤环境安全度为主要评价目的. 相似文献
70.
目的掌握海洋环境水下电场主要能量来源和衰减规律。方法结合理论研究环境电场幅值随时间的变化规律,重点分析水下环境电场不同频带的频谱分布,最后计算得到海洋环境水下电场不同频点的幅值在整个频带所占比重。结果海洋环境水下电场随海水电导率和海水运动强度的减弱,幅值降低,能量主要集中在0.01~1 Hz的低频以及工频处,在一定的空间范围内海洋环境水下电场的一致性较强。结论实验结果与理论分析结果具有一定的吻合度。 相似文献