云南毛坪铅锌矿区Ⅰ号矿体分布区断裂构造岩稀土元素地球化学特征及找矿意义

云南毛坪铅锌矿床是滇东北铅锌成矿带中重要的矿床之一,以毛坪铅锌矿床Ⅰ号矿体为例,在深入研究矿床地质特征的基础上,将其赋存地层———宰格组中第二段(D3zg2)NE向断裂构造岩的稀土元素配分模式划分为四类,讨论了其稀土元素地球化学特征,提出了稀土元素地球化学找矿标志,为隐伏矿预测提供了重要的地球化学信息。     

川西前陆盆地流体的跨层流动

本文讨论了川西前陆盆地气田区上三叠统和侏罗系地层水K+ +Na+ 、Ca2 + 、Mg2 + 、Br-与Cl-离子、矿物 (胶结物和充填物 )碳氧同位素和水的氢氧同位素成分组成以及相互关系。气田区上三叠统流体来源以地层海陆相沉积物质为主 ,并与渗流水混合 ,形成“下部流体”。有气藏的侏罗系内流体 (称“上部流体”)与“下部流体”的水化学和同位素组成相近 ,且具有同一演化趋势 ,表明它来源于下部流体并与侏罗系层内的渗流水发生过混合作用。本文提出该气田流体具跨层流动、二次混合演化特征 ,认为大规模的流体对流混合促进了上三叠统内天然气的运移聚积 ,在三叠系内有利构造圈闭中形成原生或残留气藏并向上运移 ,在侏罗系内有利圈闭中形成“次生”气藏。     

舞阳、襄城盐湖盆地未熟油地球化学特征、判别标志及成因

通过对舞阳、襄城凹陷原油及烃源岩样品的有机地化分析 ,研究了该区未熟油地球化学特征、判别标志及成因类型。认为盐湖盆地原油具“两高、两低”特征 ,族组成上表现为饱和烃含量较低 ,“非烃 +沥青质”含量较高。正烷烃呈双峰态分布 ,OEP值 >1。具植烷优势 ,Pr/Ph <0 .2 5。萜烷以伽玛蜡烷含量高 ,Tm/Ts >1。脱羟基维生素E普遍存在 ,其分布型式主要有倒“V”字型和不对称“V”字型。根据C2 9甾烷 2 0S/ (2 0S +2 0R) ,C2 9甾烷 ββ/ (ββ +αα) ,C3 2 藿烷 2 2S/ (2 2S +2 2R)等成熟度参数 ,认为原油属于未熟油。伽玛蜡烷、脱羟基维生素E及碳同位素组成特征反映原油属咸水湖相、盐湖相成因。     

佛冈铝质A型花岗岩的地球化学及其形成环境初探

对广东佛冈岩体的初步研究表明 ,这一以往一直被认为是典型S型花岗岩的大岩基 ,其主体 (燕山第三期 )应为铝质A型花岗岩。岩石富SiO2 [W(SiO2 )为 69 2 1 %～ 77 72 % ]、准铝质 (A/NKC =0 97～ 1 0 6)。FeO /MgO比值较高 (平均 1 0 6) ,高于S型和I型花岗岩。在微量元素组成上 ,岩体明显亏损Sr、Ba、Ti、P、Eu,富Ga和高场强元素Nb,Ta,Zr等 ,与我国东南沿海A型花岗岩和世界典型A型花岗岩微量元素分布型式相似。全岩Rb Sr等时线年龄为 1 5 8± 1 7Ma,(87Sr/86 Sr) i为 0 71 5 6。钕模式年龄为 1 2 8～ 1 64Ga。一般认为A型花岗岩来源于I型花岗岩或大量抽提了S型花岗岩物质后的地壳源区 ,本研究表明 ,佛冈岩体可能直接来源于地壳物质的部分熔融 ,但不排除有地幔物质的加入。佛冈铝质A型花岗岩 南昆山A型花岗岩 恶鸡脑碱性正长岩这一造山后至非造山的构造岩浆组合的确定 ,揭示了区内乃至整个中国东南大陆岩石圈碰撞造山运动的结束和大规模的拉张伸展运动应始于晚侏罗世 ,至白垩纪造山带山根构造完全消失、拉张 伸展作用达到高峰     

中下扬子铁帽型金矿氧化剖面及成矿地球化学

铁帽型金矿床氧化剖面自上而下可划分为贫金铁帽亚带、次生金富集铁帽亚带、氧化物-硫化物过渡亚带、原生硫化物亚带。氧化作用诸阶段的主要元素、微量元素、稀土元素、Eh-pH值皆有一定的规律性变化,并与次生金的迁移富集过程具有明显的相关性。     

东天山康古尔金矿床的同位素地球化学特征及成因讨论

主要研究了康古尔金矿的流体包裹体的氢、氧同位素组成以及硫、铅和碳同位素组成，结果表明该金矿床主矿化阶段成矿流体以变质水为主，晚期以大气降水为主，总的表现为下部上升流体与残部大气降水混合成矿特征。该矿床的成矿物质具深源性，主要来自上地幔或下部地壳，是一种火山岩区剪切带蚀变岩型金矿床。     

Environmental Se–Mo–B Deficiency and its Possible Effects in Jiantou Keshan Disease Area in Shaanxi Province, China

Keshan disease (KD) occurs in a wide geographic belt stretching from the Heilongjiang Province in northeastern China to Yunnan Province in southwestern China, including Huangling County, Shaanxi Province. In order to research relationships between eco-environmental geochemistry and KD pertaining to Se, Mo, B, Zn, Mn, and Cu, this investigation was conducted in the Jiantou KD area in Huangling County, one of the areas in China where the incidence of KD is highest. Environmental samples (rock, soil, plant and childrens hair) were collected from the area. Se in plants is low, ranging from 0.03 to 0.06 µg Se g^–1 in corn, potato and soybean. Se contents in childrens hair are normal or reach the limitation of dangerous level. This study reports 0.18 µg Se g^–1, B <40 µg g^–1, and Mo <1.0 µg g^–1 in aeolian soil, 0.14–0.38 µg Mo g^–1 and 3–8 µg B g^–1 in corn and potato (daily staple food for local human beings in the area). The Jiantou KD area is one where the elements Se, Mo and B are deficient. It is proposed that the deficiency of elements Se, Mo and B may be involved in the pathogenicity of KD with respect to the eco-environmental system because Se, Mo and B are essential micronutrients for plants and human beings. It seems that there is no significant relationship between the Zn–Mn–K–Pb–Ba associations and KD.     

δC variations in tree rings as an indication of severe changes in the urban air quality

Annual growth rings sampled from three free-standing trees (Platanus hybrida sp.), grew in the metropolitan area of Palermo (Italy) and covering a 118 years time span (1880–1998), have been studied for their ¹³C/¹²C carbon isotope ratios. It has been found that the ¹³C/¹²C tree ring record, during the study time interval, decreased of −3.6‰, from −26.4‰ in 1880 to −30‰ in 1998. Such a progressive depletion has been attributed to the addition of anthropogenic ¹³C depleted carbon dioxide to the local atmosphere. The observed ¹³C/¹²C decrease has been used to infer some possible pathways of atmospheric CO₂ change in the study urban area.     

Geochemistry and acidity of sulphide-bearing postglacial sediments of western Finland

The geochemistry, mineralogy, acidity and electric conductivity of sulphide-bearing postglacial sediments located on the coastal plains of western Finland were studied. Grain size and mineralogical analysis (eight samples studied) indicated that the sediments are silts dominated by primary minerals (quartz, feldspars), and that the clay fraction (<2µm), which made up less than one-third of the bulk samples, is enriched in phyllosilicates but depleted in quartz and feldspars, relative to bulk samples. As compared to the metal contents of the fine-fraction of glacial till (data of the Geological Survey of Finland), the fine sediments appear to be enriched in sulphur (median = 0.54%) and trace metals such as Ni (31 µg g^–1), Zn (90 µg g^–1), Co (13 µg g^–1), Cr (48 µg g^–1) and V (50 µg g^–1). Statistical analysis indicated that aluminosilicates are the principal carrier phases of trace metals, and that sulphides and organic matter only partially control the distribution of elements other than S and C. A 3-g portion of 232 samples was oxidised in the laboratory by atmospheric oxygen for a period of 1 year. After this period of oxidation, 15 ml of water was added, after which pH and electric conductivity of the suspensions (sediment:water, 1:5) were measured. The quantities of elements mobilised by the oxidation was calculated from the dissolved concentrations found in 3 g of oxidised sediment suspended in 30 ml of deionised water (eight samples studied). The results of the experiment showed that the impact of sulphide oxidation on the pH and conductivity of the sediments is large, and that a high proportion (>13%) of the aqua-regia extractable contents of several elements (Co, Mn, Ca, Ni, Zn, Sr, Na and B) are mobilised at oxidation. Because of the high quantities of acidity and metals liberated at oxidation, it is argued that stream-water quality, which is poor in the study area, will not improve unless artificial draining is restricted in areas of sulphide sediments.     

Influence of industry on the geochemical urban environment of Mieres (Spain) and associated health risk

This study is concerned with the elemental composition of soils and street dust collected in an historical industrial city of approximately 27 000 inhabitants, where old Hg mining and metallurgical activities strongly affected the load of heavy metals in the urban environment. For the purpose of the study, representative samples of soils and street dust were collected at different locations in the whole urban area (3 km²). Elevated mean concentrations of As in soils and street dust (69 and 135 g g^–1, respectively), and Hg (3.07 and 4.24 g g^–1, respectively), compared to background levels and to those found in other cities, reflect the anomalous geochemical nature of these materials and the strong influence exerted by the old mining sites.