Evaluation of offline sampling for atmospheric C3-C11 non-methane hydrocarbons

The concentration variation of C3-C11 non-methane hydrocarbons(NMHCs) collected in several types of commercial flexible bags and adsorption tubes was systematically investigated using a gas chromatography-flame ionization detector(GC-FID) system. The percentage loss of each NMHC in the polyvinyl fluoride(PVF) bags was less than 5% during a 7-hr storage period; significant NMHCs loss was detected in aluminum foil composite film and fluorinated ethylene propylene bags. The thermal desorption effic...     

基于AE的燃气管网事故分析模块设计与实现

随着城市燃气管网的飞速发展,在役燃气管道的安全问题日益突出,针对燃气事故致因及后果,基于ArcGIS网络模型,运用GIS网络拓扑分析、空间数据库等技术,设计利用管网网络模型实现管网事故分析方法,并结合C#+ArcEngine编程技术实现燃气管网事故分析模块,该模块实现爆管分析、燃气泄漏扩散范围分析、最优路径分析、连通性...     

基于火灾动力学模拟的古建筑火灾探测器布置研究

为尽快发现和控制火灾,使古建筑的消防投资更经济有效,需进行试验研究。但古建筑不能进行现场试验,通过基于火灾动力学的场模拟软件FDS5.0,以山西圣母殿为例,建立物理模型,模拟火灾发生、发展过程,得出火灾烟气蔓延过程中浓度和温度随时间变化的不同分布。通过对模拟结果分析,对圣母殿中感烟和感温2种火灾探测器进行合理有效的布置,经过数据检验,在最短时间内报警系统有效报警。结果分析表明:不论着火点在建筑的什么位置,只要合理的设置和组合火灾探测设备,就能在第一时间发现火情。证明了软件模拟的方法对古建筑消防设施设置方式的可行性。     

区域滑坡灾害地形地貌因子敏感性分析研究

为分析地形地貌与滑坡敏感性之间的关系,借助地理信息系统(GIS)空间分析技术和滑坡影响因子贡献率的数学方法,研究雅安市雨城区坡度坡向对滑坡的影响程度的大小。通过研究得到了每一区间的坡度和坡向对滑坡的贡献率,定量地分析了坡度、坡向对研究区域的滑坡发育的关系。研究结果表明,坡度20～30°区间的区域为滑坡最敏感的区域,坡向带90～120°区间是滑坡灾害最敏感的区域,但坡向带每一区域的贡献率差别不大。     

地铁运营工况点型探测器探测性能试验研究

为了解地铁运营期点型探测器受活塞风的影响及其适应性和设置方式,采用碎纸、棉绳和聚氨酯塑料试验火,在地铁站台进行初期火灾探测实体试验。对2种类型点型探测器在模拟运营工况与夜间停运工况的适应性进行对比分析,同时,针对设置镂空格栅吊顶地铁车站,研究点型探测器在吊顶上下不同安装位置时的响应性能。试验结果表明:列车运行产生的活塞风扰乱烟气的上升和扩散运动,对阴燃火源烟气影响显著,有烟明火烟气能较快地通过格栅空隙到达中板;在地铁运营工况条件,烟温复合探测器响应性能表现不理想,不同空间安装的点型感烟探测器报警时间与报警数量均较停运工况发生变化。设置镂空格栅吊顶车站站台层公共区运营期使用点型感烟探测器进行保护时,应当贴中板和贴格栅吊顶双层安装。     

Evaluating weather effects on interannual variation in net ecosystem productivity of a coastal temperate forest landscape: A model intercomparison

Forest productivity is strongly affected by seasonal weather patterns and by natural or anthropogenic disturbances. However weather effects on forest productivity are not currently represented in inventory-based models such as CBM-CFS3 used in national forest C accounting programs. To evaluate different approaches to modelling these effects, a model intercomparison was conducted among CBM-CFS3 and four process models (ecosys, CN-CLASS, Can-IBIS and 3PG) over a 2500 ha landscape in the Oyster River (OR) area of British Columbia, Canada. The process models used local weather data to simulate net primary productivity (NPP), net ecosystem productivity (NEP) and net biome productivity (NBP) from 1920 to 2005. Other inputs used by the process and inventory models were generated from soil, land cover and disturbance records. During a period of intense disturbance from 1928 to 1943, simulated NBP diverged considerably among the models. This divergence was attributed to differences among models in the sizes of detrital and humus C stocks in different soil layers to which a uniform set of soil C transformation coefficients was applied during disturbances. After the disturbance period, divergence in modelled NBP among models was much smaller, and attributed mainly to differences in simulated NPP caused by different approaches to modelling weather effects on productivity. In spite of these differences, age-detrended variation in annual NPP and NEP of closed canopy forest stands was negatively correlated with mean daily maximum air temperature during July-September (T_amax) in all process models (R² = 0.4-0.6), indicating that these correlations were robust. The negative correlation between T_amax and NEP was attributed to different processes in different models, which were tested by comparing CO₂ fluxes from these models with those measured by eddy covariance (EC) under contrasting air temperatures (T_a). The general agreement in sensitivity of annual NPP to T_amax among the process models led to the development of a generalized algorithm for weather effects on NPP of coastal temperate coniferous forests for use in inventory-based models such as CBM-CFS3: NPP′ = NPP − 57.1 (T_amax − 18.6), where NPP and NPP′ are the current and temperature-adjusted annual NPP estimates from the inventory-based model, 18.6 is the long-term mean daily maximum air temperature during July-September, and T_amax is the mean value for the current year. Our analysis indicated that the sensitivity of NPP to T_amax was nonlinear, so that this algorithm should not be extrapolated beyond the conditions of this study. However the process-based methodology to estimate weather effects on NPP and NEP developed in this study is widely applicable to other forest types and may be adopted for other inventory based forest carbon cycle models.     

Spatial variations of aluminum species in drinking water supplies in Xi’an studied applying geographic information system

This article aimed to investigate the variation of aluminum species and the effects of coagulant type and water quality on aluminum speciation in drinking water.Statistical analysis showed that the concentration of total aluminum(AlT) of drinking water in Xi'an ranged from 0.051 to 0.417 mg/L and the concentration of AlT in about 24.7% studied samples was higher than the currently recommended value(0.2 mg/L).The areas fed by surface water plants had a larger portion(39.4%) of samples over the recommended value.In drinking water treated by alum coagulant,the average concentration of monomeric aluminum(Ala) was higher than that in water treated by poly aluminum chlorine(PACl) and poly aluminum ferric chloride(PAFC).The average concentrations of polynuclear aluminum(Alb) and colloidal/suspended aluminum(Alc) in the drinking water treated by alum were lower than those in water treated by PACl and PAFC.There was a notable decrease in AlT along with the delivery pipeline away from the plants,with an average decline of about 36 μg/(L·km).Besides coagulant type,water quality also could afflect aluminum speciation.In drinking water without orthophosphate,the concentrations of Ala and AlT were positively correlated with pH;while,in drinking water with orthophosphate,the concentrations of Ala and AlT were negatively correlated with pH.The addition of orthophosphate salts in the drinking water treatment process would be an effective method for aluminum control in pH range 6.5-8.2.     

水中苦味酸的测定

将水样中的苦味酸氯化后,用ECD气相色谱法测定氯化苦的量,来确定苦味酸的浓度。采用保留时问定性,外标法定量。实验表明,该方法能快速有效地提取并测定水体中的苦味酸。在HP-5毛细管柱上,对苦味酸的氯化产物有较好的分离效果。方法快速、反应较为彻底,灵敏度高、精密度和准确度较好。     

氯气远程监测技术的开发与实践

分析了氯气监测现状及存在问题,介绍了为实现远程监测而开发的局域网的系统组成、性能及效果,并提出了改进建议。     

炼化装置挥发性有机物检测方法介绍

结合石油化工行业生产的实际,介绍一种炼化装置挥发性有机物检测方法,并依据EPA的计算方法对装置的挥发性有机物的泄漏量进行了估算.