Land-use planning of Minoo Island,Iran, towards sustainable land-use management

Land-use planning is one aspect of sustainable development that determines the integrity of socioeconomic and ecological nuance. Land evaluation is an approach to sustainable land-use planning, which predicts the capability of the land-use system. This means that a specific land area should be under specific use, considering certain factors and characteristics of the land and its location. In other words, lack of proper information on land capability and rational and irrational use of land leads to destruction of land resources. This paper discusses the findings of ecological and socioeconomic resource issues for Minoo Island and the surrounded zone. The study covers an area of about 172km² in southwest Iran. To establish environmental unit maps, digital layer maps of the soil texture were overlapped. The study empirically established that the area has the capability to accommodate ‘levels two’ urban and industrial development. Moreover, Minoo Island is considered to have potential for conservation and ecotourism, with a 60% potentiality for dryland farming.     

城乡用地遥感识别与时空变化研究进展

土地利用/覆被变化在全球环境变化和可持续发展研究中具有极其重要的意义。论文在国内外土地利用/覆被变化研究梳理的基础上,从城乡用地遥感识别和时空变化两个方面归纳和总结了国内外土地利用/覆被变化的研究前沿和进展。研究发现在遥感和GIS技术支撑下土地利用/覆被变化研究形成了独特的研究范式,多分析方法、多数据源和多时段融合成为当前研究的重要趋势。目前在城乡生活-生产-生态空间识别研究领域取得了较大进展,但仍然存在“重城市和大城市、轻中小城市和城镇”的问题。时空变化研究重点从城市和乡村两个地域单元展开。城市扩张和城市蔓延的原因、后果、特征、过程、格局、模式和测度方法成为城市土地利用研究重点。耕地保护和乡村居民点变化研究成为乡村土地利用研究的两大核心。在研究取向上总体呈现出重城市轻乡村的趋势。当前研究应该以问题为导向、注重应用出口的探寻,构建适合中国国情的研究框架,鼓励多学科、多领域的综合交叉借鉴,创新理论和方法,打造本土性和原创性的创新成果。     

Decision‐making behaviour during urban search and rescue: a case study of Germany

The objective of assisting with tasks and decisions during incident response is to reduce the risks to victims and rescue personnel while increasing the efficiency of the rescue operation. Handling uncertain information during urban search and rescue (USAR) missions represents additional stress to the decision‐maker. The aim of this study is to identify the decision‐making behaviour of rescuers during USAR missions to pinpoint trapped or buried victims in debris in order to design assistance technologies and decision‐support systems that meet their needs. In 2010, a survey was conducted among 10–15 per cent of all German rescue personnel specialised in search tasks. One of the major results of this survey is that a subjective assessment of the reliability of information available from heterogeneous sources influences the rescuers’ actions and that there is no methodology for decision‐making involving uncertain information. In addition, the study found that compliance with procedures does not require assistance.     

基于RS和GIS的万源市生态保护红线划定方法研究

有效划定生态保护红线是维护国家生态安全的需要,改善环境质量的关键举措.以万源市作为研究区域,基于不同角度的生态功能重要性评估方法,采用地理信息系统(Geographic Information System,GIS)技术,遥感(Remote Sensing,和RS)技术,开展水源涵养、土壤保持以及生物多样性等三类生态系...     

ATOMI射频氦等离子体原子发射光谱用于毛细管气相色谱检测(英文)

1　IntroductionInmodernanalyticalchemistry ,chromatographyandemissionspectroscopyandtheircombinedusearebecominganincreasinglyimportanttechniqueforthemeasurementofenvironmentalpollu tants.AtomicemissiondetectorusedinGCcanprovidehighlysensitiveandselectiver…     

黄河流域土地利用与土壤侵蚀的耦合关系

在遥感技术与GIS技术的支持下,首先通过遥感影像解译,获取了黄河流域20世纪90年代中期和末期的土地利用与土壤侵蚀数据,建立了反映该流域土地利用与土壤侵蚀的数字环境模型,而后对黄河流域近5年的土地利用与土壤侵蚀的耦合关系进行了研究.结果表明:不同的土地利用方式对土壤侵蚀的发育有着不同的影响,土地利用的变化直接影响着土壤侵蚀强度的变化,而形成土壤侵蚀的一个重要原因是土地利用方式不当.优化土地利用结构,选择合理的土地利用方式,对于高效利用土地资源,控制水土流失,实现区域经济的可持续发展具有重要意义.     

SELECTION OF WASTE DISPOSAL SITES USING GIS1

ABSTRACT: Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technology is used to identify candidate sites for a solid waste disposal facility in the Gölbasi region of Turkey that has suffered from the negative impact of a current but poorly-located open-dump site on the environment. The municipality of Gölbasi has noticed its deleterious effect on the environment, and has thus decided to dismiss this open-dump site and search for new landfill sites. In this study, the procedure followed under a GIS framework rejects the unacceptable sites considering environmental factors exclusively, other than economic and political issues, contained in the form of multiple layers of attribute information to select the candidate sites for landfilling wastes through an overlay analysis performed by GIS software, ARC/INFO V 7.1. For the spatial data requirements of GIS, a number of thematic map layers (ground water, wetlands and swamp areas, surface water, roads, topographic contours, ecological features, settlements, erosion susceptibility zones, and soil type) are prepared in digital form. In this application, GIS is considered as a screening tool in a site selection process to narrow the number of candidate sites, subsequently leading to one or more sites for detailed investigation. Preliminary ranking for a group of potential sites is done on the basis of simple calculations coupled with on-site field studies.     

STATISTICAL LOW FLOW ESTIMATION USING GIS ANALYSIS IN HUMID MONTANE REGIONS IN PUERTO RICO1

ABSTRACT: Statistical analysis of watershed parameters derived using a Geographical Information system (GIS) was done to develop equations for estimating the 7d–10yr, 30d–10yr, and 7d–2yr low flow for watersheds in humid montane regions of Puerto Rico. Digital elevation models and land use, geology, soils, and stream network coverages were used to evaluate 21 geomorphic, 10 stream channel, 9 relief, 7 geology, 4 climate, and 2 soil parameters for each watershed. To assess which parameters should be used for further investigation, a correlation analysis was used to determine the independence and collinearity among these parameters and their relationship with low flows. Multiple regression analyses using the selected parameters were then performed to develop the statistical models of low flows. The final models were selected in the basis of the Mallow Cp statistic, the adjusted R², the Press statistic, the degree of collinearity, and an analysis of the residuals. In the final models, drainage density, the ratio of length of tributaries to the length of the main channel, the percent of drainage area with northeast aspect, and the average weighted slope of the drainage were the most significant parameters. The final models had adjusted standard errors of 58.7 percent, 59.2 percent, and 48.6 percent for the 7d–10yr, 30d–10yr, and 7d–2yr low flows respectively. For comparison, the best model based on watershed parameters that can be easily measured without a GIS had an adjusted standard error of 82.8 percent.     

WATERSHED CONFIGURATION AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM PARAMETERIZATION FOR SPUR MODEL HYDROLOGIC SIMULATIONS1

ABSTRACT: A grid cell geographic information system (GIS) is used to parameterize SPUR, a quasi-physically based surface runoff model in which a watershed is configured as a set of stream segments and contributing areas. GIS analysis techniques produce various watershed configurations by progressive simplification of a stream network delineated from digital elevation models (DEM). We used three watershed configurations: ≥ 2nd, ≥ 4th, and ≥ 13th Shreve order networks, where the watershed contains 28, 15, and 1 channel segments with 66, 37, and 3 contributing areas, respectively. Watershed configuration controls simulated daily and monthly sums of runoff volumes. For the climatic and topographic setting in southeastern Arizona the ≥ 4th order configuration of the stream network and contributing areas produces results that are typically as good as the ≥ 2nd order network. However both are consistently better than the ≥ 13th order configuration. Due to the degree of parameterization in SPUR, model simulations cannot be significantly improved by increasing watershed configuration beyond the ≥ 4th order network. However, a range of Soil Conservation Service curve numbers derived from rainfall/runoff data can affect model simulations. Higher curve numbers yield better results for the ≥ 2nd order network while lower curve numbers yield better results for the ≥ 4th order network.     

山东省海水入侵灾害危险性评价的GIS方案设计

以山东省为例，利用GIS技术建立了一套海水入侵灾害危险性评价信息系统。通过对多因素的综合分析，获取了各评判单元海水入侵灾害综合危险性指数，求得了各地海水入侵的平均距离，从而实现了山东省海水入侵灾害危险性区划，并能以地图或数据的形式快捷的显示处理结果。