ArcView在区域历史地震信息系统中的应用

Ａｒｃ Ｖｉｅｗ是ＥＳＲＩ公司推出的一个地理信息系统应用软件。本文着重介绍了使用Ａｒｃ Ｖｉｅｗ建立区域历史地震地理信息系统的一般方法和步骤,同时对其中的关键技术进行了分析,区域历史地震信息系统包括地震记录数据库和这些数据进行的必要操作;地震记录包括该欧域内和周边区域有史以来的地震记录;历史地震信息系统主要包括两大功能：数据的输入输出和维护,以及数据的查询和显示。使用Ａｒｃ Ｖｉｅｗ ＧＩＳ软件可     

基于风险评估模型的环境风险地图研究

环境风险地图基于地理信息系统(GIS)对信息和数据的空间分析,通过各种风险评估或预测模型,将评估的结果以空间方式展示出来.由于环境风险地图直观、信息量大的优点,有助于环境风险管理以及突发事件的应急反应和实时决策.对风险地图种类作了概述,总结风险制图中需注意的问题以及国内外风险地图的应用研究以及发展情况.     

固相萃取-超高效液相色谱法检测地表水中7种氯酚类化合物

建立了一种能够测定地表水中7种氯酚类化合物的固相萃取-超高效液相色谱方法。调节水样p H=2,经固相萃取柱富集后,用丙酮和二氯甲烷洗脱,浓缩定容后分析。以甲醇-水溶液(含0.2%乙酸)为流动相,柱温为30℃,紫外检测波长为分段检测(285、290、300、304 nm)。结果表明,检测方法对7种氯酚类化合物具有良好的线性相关性,相关系数≥0.999 7。当水样萃取体积为1 L,浓缩至1 m L,进样量为5μL时,方法检出限为12.7~32.1 ng/L,测定下限为50.8~128.4 ng/L;高低两组浓度的平均加标回收率为79.2%~108.4%,相对标准偏差为4.6%~13.3%。     

长江(江苏段)沿江开发环境风险监控预警系统

简要介绍了长江（江苏段）沿江开发带的基本情况,从区域环境质量及社会经济发展趋势两方面阐述了建立长江流域（江苏段）环境风险监控预警系统的意义。在总结目前国内外环境风险决策支持系统发展现状的基础上,论述了系统的目标、总体功能设计、框架设计以及关键技术,探索将地理信息技术运用于区域环境风险管理决策过程的方法,最后提出该系统还需从以下5个方面进行完善和改进,即追溯最大可信度风险源方法,应急救援系统、区域多环境风险事件的复合作用,发展特定有毒有机物水质预测模型和建立优先控制有毒有机物预警系统。该系统将为江苏长江开发战略提供实用型的环境管理手段。     

Analyses of Urban Drainage Network Structure and its Impact on Hydrologic Response1

Meierdiercks, Katherine L., James A. Smith, Mary Lynn Baeck, and Andrew J. Miller, 2010. Analyses of Urban Drainage Network Structure and Its Impact on Hydrologic Response. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 1-12. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2010.00465.x Abstract: Urban flood studies have linked the severity of flooding to the percent imperviousness or land use classifications of a watershed, but relatively little attention has been given to the impact of urban drainage networks on hydrologic response. The drainage network, which can include storm pipes, surface channels, street gutters, and stormwater management ponds, is examined in the Dead Run watershed (14.3 km²). Comprehensive digital representations of the urban drainage network in Dead Run were developed and provide a key observational resource for analyses of urban drainage networks and their impact on hydrologic response. Analyses in this study focus on three headwater subbasins with drainage areas ranging from 1.3 to 1.9 km² and that exhibit striking contrasts in their patterns and history of development. It is shown that the drainage networks of the three subbasins, like natural river networks, exhibit characteristic structures and that these features play critical roles in determining urban hydrologic response. Hydrologic modeling analyses utilize the Environmental Protection Agency’s Stormwater Management Model (SWMM), which provides a flexible platform for examining the impacts of drainage network structure on hydrologic response. Results of SWMM modeling analyses suggest that drainage density and presence of stormwater ponds impact peak discharge more significantly in the Dead Run subbasins than the percent impervious or land use type of the subbasins.     

An approach to the subslab depressurization remedial action in a high Rn concentration dwelling

Galicia (NW Spain) is a radon-prone area in the Iberian Peninsula. Measurements were carried out at a rural dwelling, with an annual average of radon concentration over 4000 Bq m⁻³ and a maximum of 9000 Bq m⁻³, found during a radon screening campaign held in the Autonomous Community of Galicia. We performed a detailed study to identify the main contamination source and the behaviour of the radon concentration, in which a linear dependence with temperature was verified, once corrected for relative humidity. We used different passive methods (charcoal canisters and two types of etched track detectors) as well as a radon concentration monitor that provided continuous measurement. Subsequent to this characterization, and in order to reduce the high radon concentration, a remedial action was developed using different passive and forced ventilation methods. A modified subslab depressurization technique was found to be the most effective remedy, providing a radon concentration reduction of around 96%. This method also has the advantages of being inexpensive and reliable over time.     

气相色谱法测定水中吡虫啉和氟虫腈

采用液液萃取、气相色谱氮磷检测器同时测定水中吡虫啉和氟虫腈,以二氯甲烷为提取溶剂,考察了提取酸碱条件的影响.吡虫啉和氟虫腈分别在1.00 mg/L ～ 20.0 mg/L和0.500 mg/L-10.0 mg/L范围内线性良好,检出限分别为0.018 mg/L和0.004 mg/L(按取样体积200 mL,定容体积5 ...     

陕西省PM2.5时空分布及影响因素区域差异研究

为了解陕西省PM_2.5分布特征及影响因素区域差异,基于陕西省2019年PM_2.5浓度数据,采用空间数据统计方法、空间自相关分析法和地理探测器法对PM_2.5时空分异特征及驱动因素进行探究,以期为陕西省PM_2.5研究与治理提供可靠的科学依据。结果表明：陕西省PM_2.5污染呈“冬高夏低”、“中部高、南北低”的特点。陕西省PM_2.5浓度空间分布表现为极显著的空间正相关性,陕南部分县域为低低聚集区,关中地区渭南、西安、咸阳部分县域为高高聚集区。对陕西省PM_2.5浓度影响最大的是社会经济因子(0.328—0.548),陕北地区为GDP(0.932),关中地区为人口密度(0.936),陕南地区为相对湿度(0.710)。交互探测结果表明：陕西省主导交互因子为人口密度∩GDP,各种复杂的自然因素和人为活动因素耦合会大大加强对PM_2.5浓度的解释力。     

基于地理探测器的中国陆地生态系统土壤有机碳空间异质性影响因子分析

中国陆地生态系统土壤有机碳库对全球生态系统碳平衡具有显著影响.为揭示土壤碳库空间分布的潜在主控因子并为今后建立碳库空间分布模型提供依据,利用地理探测器对中国陆地生态系统表层土壤(0—20 cm)有机碳密度的影响因子(气温、降水量、DEM、NDVI、陆地生态系统类型、人口密度)进行空间分异性探测和定量归因.结果表明:自然...     

CDJ-1检测仪在钻孔扩底灌注桩施工中的应用

钻孔扩底灌注桩对施工要求比较高,特别是成孔质量的好坏直接关系到该桩型优势的发挥.介绍了CDJ-1检测仪的工作原理,在一典型工程中使用该仪器对桩孔进行了检测,并对检测数据进行了统计和初步分析,结果表明该工程中所检测的桩孔全部合格,CDJ-1检测仪保证了钻孔扩底灌注桩成孔作业过程中的安全施工.