物联网技术在地震救灾中的应用

研究了物联网技术在地震救灾中的应用。在体系结构设计中主要针对无线传感器网络节点、自组网技术、数据采集与灾情分析软件、多源信息融合等几个方面开展研究,构造出基于物联网技术的信息处理平台,在此基础上组建一个地震监测、预警及救灾部署控制中心,并实现信息处理平台与城市基础设施的互连接口。最终,在地震救灾中能够利用多源信息融合技术为控制中心实现决策和指挥提供科学、高效的服务。     

基于GIS的巴东县新城区滑坡灾害危险性区划

巴东县新城区是三峡库区滑坡灾害最为发育的地段之一。通过还原滑坡形成前的物质组成和历史环境,选取了影响滑坡发育的地层岩性、水位影响带等9项评价指标。完善了基于地形条件的不规则单元划分方法,对研究区进行了斜坡评价单元的划分,使得评价单元具有更明确的地质意义和更完善的地质结构。此外,将各影响因素图与斜坡评价单元分布图叠加得到计算单元,在计算单元信息量求解的基础上提出了斜坡评价单元信息量的计算方法,进行了基于斜坡评价单元的危险性区划,得到了巴东县新城区滑坡灾害危险性区划图。分析结果表明,水位影响带、居民区、公路分布区及顺向坡坡型与滑坡灾害发生的相关性最大。高危险区占城区面积的16.4%,主要分布在长江两岸临江地段。     

基于一体化运营综合能源企业智能应急救援技术研究*

为解决综合能源企业集团生产区域集中、多种业态并存的现状下,应对多灾耦合、区域协同、快速救援处置需求问题,提出构建“构架一体系统共用、数据入湖实时获取、GIS数据动态调用”的智能管控系统,运用多灾事故耦合协同处置、数字结构预案辅助决策和处置情景构建救援演练等技术,达到“集团总部—产业实体—生产单位—作业单元”的点、线、面虚拟集成统一先期处置网络。研究结果表明:生产安全事故应急救援“基础管理健全、3级联动响应、全域覆盖网络、资源实时共享、培训演练规范、力量快速投放”等6个方面的能力得到提升,为综合能源企业安全生产和应急管理决策支持提供新的可行性方案。     

On reducing the windfall profits in environmental subsidy programs

Investment subsidies are widely used to induce adoption of new technologies that can lower the (marginal) cost of reducing emissions. To economize on these subsidies, governments would like to distinguish between firms that need to receive a subsidy to adopt a new technology, and firms that would adopt that technology even without subsidies. We show that policies consisting of a menu of emission taxes and investment subsidies can potentially induce firms to self-select.     

论环境监测综合信息系统的建设规划

根据对各级环保机械综合信息技术应用的调研,提出环境监测综合信息系统设计原则及技术路线。     

计算机企业环境管理信息系统研究

本文介绍了计算机辅助企业环境管理信息系统软件的设计思路、设计方法、技术特点及应用情况,该软件将企业环境管理事后的、末端的资料变为生产全过程控制的信息,实现了企业污染预报和企业环境的动态管理。有效地预防污染事故的发生,使企业环境管理迈上科学化、规范化、标准化的新台阶。     

南水北调中线工程输水干线水质监测管理信息系统研究

介绍了由数据采集与传输子系统、数据库子系统、水质预警预报子系统、数据输出子系统和人机交互界面组成的南水北调中线工程输水干线的水质监测管理信息系统,根据该系统的实际需求,阐述了开发该系统应该具备的关键技术。     

GIS辅助矿区环境质量评价系统设计与实现

以提高环境质量评价的空间信息处理能力和检索查询功能为目的,提出应用 GIS ARCVIEW软件和空间信息管理和分析技术对矿区环境质量因子进行分析,建立环境质量评价系统的方法,在矿区实践应用,使环境质量评价更具合理性和可操作性,评价结果形象、直观,为矿区环境管理和决策提供了有利依据。     

Characteristics and driving factors of marsh changes in Zhalong wetland of China

Zhalong National Nature Reserve in the northeast of China is a large wetland and a habitat of hundreds species of fauna and flora. The rare red-crowned crane is one kind of endangered birds in it. Recently, Zhalong wetland is shrinking and it encounters many problems including occasional fires, bad water quality, human activities, etc. In order to find out a proper way to protect and restore the wetland, this study, using a geographic information system, the global positioning system and remote sensing techniques, analyses the spatial characteristics of the changes in marsh landscape pattern and examines the driving factors for these changes. Data sources include 8 Landsat Thematic Mapper satellite images of Zhalong area in the period of 1986–2002 and the investigation information on site. Based on the analysis of changes of marsh area and annual precipitation during the 16 years, it is found that there is a close correlation between annual precipitation and marsh area. It means that climate is one of driving factors of marsh pattern changes. To understand influences of other kinds of land uses on marsh spatial distribution in Zhalong wetland, this paper analyses the relationship between marsh and different kinds of land uses, such as water surface, residential area, farmland, salina land and grass land, respectively. According to the patch analysis theory, a fragmental index and a fractal dimension of the marsh are calculated with perimeter-area method. The results indicate that the marsh pattern is affected by human activities significantly. In addition, the location alteration of marsh centroid point over the 16 years is studied. The movement trace of marsh centroid point is concerned with different hydrological situation in different areas of the wetland. In summary the characteristics of the marsh landscape pattern evolution during the 16 years are affected by multiple driving factors. The main driving factors are climate, human activities, distribution of other kinds of land uses and hydrological situation in different areas.     

Information technologies and the sharing of disaster knowledge: the critical role of professional culture

A comparative survey of a diverse sample of 96 US and Italian emergency management agencies shows that the diffusion of new information technologies (IT) has transformed disaster communications. Although these technologies permit access to and the dissemination of massive amounts of disaster information with unprecedented speed and efficiency, barriers rooted in the various professional cultures still hinder the sharing of disaster knowledge. To be effective the available IT must be attuned to the unique settings and professional cultures of the local emergency management communities. Findings show that available technology, context, professional culture and interaction are key factors that affect the knowledge transfer process. Cultural filters appear to influence emergency managers' perceptions of their own professional roles, their vision of the applicability of technology to social issues, and their perspective on the transferability of disaster knowledge. Four cultural approaches to the application of IT to disaster communications are defined: technocentric; geographic,; anthropocentric; and ecocentric.