珠江口区域海上溢油应急预报信息系统的开发研究

为了对《珠江口区域溢油应急计划》提供决策技术支持,针对珠江口海域的环境特点研究开发了“珠江口区域海上溢油应急预报信息系统”,综合有潮流快速预报模型、、三维溢油行为模型、溢油风化模型、溢油应急反应模型、以及电子海图、地理信息系统(GIS)、数据库等关键技术,数据库等关键技术,不但能够快速准确地预测模拟并可视化显示海上溢油的漂移扩散和性质变化过程,还可以同时显示环境敏感区和应急人．员设备分布等相关信息。经实际溢油案例应用表明,系统的数值模拟结果与现场实际情况符合较好,可有效地提高海上溢油污染事故的应急反应效率。     

Elemental Conservation Units: Communicating Extinction Risk without Dictating Targets for Protection

Abstract:  Conservation biologists mostly agree on the need to identify and protect biodiversity below the species level but have not yet resolved the best approach. We addressed 2 issues relevant to this debate. First, we distinguished between the abstract goal of preserving the maximum amount of unique biodiversity and the pragmatic goal of minimizing the loss of ecological goods and services given that further loss of biodiversity seems inevitable. Second, we distinguished between the scientific task of assessing extinction risk and the normative task of choosing targets for protection. We propose that scientific advice on extinction risk be given at the smallest meaningful scale: the elemental conservation unit (ECU). An ECU is a demographically isolated population whose probability of extinction over the time scale of interest (say 100 years) is not substantially affected by natural immigration from other populations. Within this time frame, the loss of an ECU would be irreversible without human intervention. Society's decision to protect an ECU ought to reflect human values that have social, economic, and political dimensions. Scientists can best inform this decision by providing advice about the probability that an ECU will be lost and the ecological and evolutionary consequences of that loss in a form that can be integrated into landscape planning. The ECU approach provides maximum flexibility to decision makers and ensures that the scientific task of assessing extinction risk informs, but remains distinct from, the normative social challenge of setting conservation targets.     

Lead distribution in Permo-Carboniferous coal from the North China Plate,China

The content and distribution of the lead in coal, gangue and the sulfur ball and the pyritic gangue of the Permo-Carboniferous in the North China Plate have been systematically studied (nearly 300 samples) in this paper. The Permo-Carboniferous coals in the North China Plate account for nearly 44.45 of total Chinese coal resources, and most of the steam coals in China come from the Permo-Carboniferous coals in the North China Plate. The result shows that lead content in the coal varied from 1.45 to 63.60 mg kg^–1, averaging 23.95 mg kg^–1; the lead content of the sulfur ball and the pyritic gangue in the coal seam ranges from 70.26–1060 mg kg^–1, with an average of 271.28 mg kg^–1; the lead content of the gangue is from 29.5 to 77.81 mg kg^–1, averaging at 40.77 mg kg^–1. The lead in the coal seam is mainly concentrated in the pyrite, such as sulfur ball, pyritic gangue or pyrite, and is the least concentrated in the organic of coal. The content of the lead has a direct ratio with the ash and the pyretic sulfur. Coal washing can reduce the content of the pyretic sulfur and the lead.     

ENVIRONMENTAL AUDITING: The Functional Unit in the Life Cycle Inventory Analysis of Degreasing Processes in the Metal-Processing Industry

1 and C₂ hydrocarbons (trichloroethane, trichloroethene, tetrachloroethene, dichloromethane). Measures aiming at the reduction of toxic emissions and ozone depletion potential (ODP) may possibly lead to a shift of environmental impacts towards higher energy consumption, emission of waste water, and volatile organic compounds (VOC) with photochemical oxidant creation potential (POCP). The present article concerns itself with a life cycle assessment of the three main degreasing processes in order to compare their integral environmental impacts with one another. This is supplemented by presenting the methodology of the life cycle inventory life cycle inventory analysis (LCI). Generally, the applicability of the established LCI method can be shown quite clearly. However, some difficulties arise, especially at the stage of the goal definition, as the use of the process and the functional unit cannot be pinned down as easily and neatly as for most other products. The definition of the use of the process and the functional unit is not as straightforward as for most products. Among the potential functional units identified are the mass of removed impurities, cleaning time, cleaning work, percentage of purity, throughput of parts, loads, mass or surface and virtual coefficients. The mass of removed impurities turned out to be the most suitable parameter for measuring the technical performance of degreasing processes. The article discusses background, purpose, scope, system boundaries, target group, process tree and representativeness of the present study.     

《计算机文化基础》课的教学改革设想与实践

随着计算机技术的飞速发展，高校计算机教育面临着新的形势。目前在《计算机文化基础》课程教学中存在着学生基础参差不齐、教学模式呆板和考试模式僵硬等问题，提出了相应的改革设想，并在教学实践中初见成效。     

明光市女山火山地质遗迹资源特点及其可持续保护

介绍了明光市女山火山地质遗迹资源及其特点，指出保护中存在的问题：重视程度不够、宣传和研究力度不够、保护措施不到位等，提出了其可持续保护技术路线，即系统开展综合性地貌景观和地质遗迹的调查、划定保护区域和保护对象、加强科学研究工作、加强地质遗迹保护工程和基础设施建设以及多方筹集资金、适度开发旅游等。     

虚拟现实技术及其在石油勘探开发中的应用

石油勘探开发是一个庞杂的系统，需要最大程度地获取地下信息。而虚拟现实技术可很好地描述真实的物体，在总结虚拟现实技术研究现状的基础上，阐述了虚拟现实技术在石油勘探开发领域的应用动态。目前，在钻井工程、地震资料解释、海洋石油工程、油田开发工程等方面引入了虚拟现实技术，显示了虚拟现实技术在石油勘探开发中广阔的应用前景。     

天山公路沿线地质灾害危险性模糊综合评判——以K576+800~K690+000段为例

主要运用模糊综合评判方法,对天山公路沿线地质灾害危险性进行分区评价。以天山地区国道217线(K576+800~K690+000段)公路沿线地质灾害为研究对象,通过对野外现场调查资料与已有地质资料的分析,建立了适合高寒山区实际地质环境条件的公路沿线崩塌、滑坡、泥石流等灾害的评价指标体系。利用层次分析法确定该评价指标体系中评价因子的权值,运用两级模糊综合评判法对研究区的地质灾害分区进行定量评价。根据最大隶属度原则得出每一区段的危险性评价结果,按地质灾害危险性等级对研究区进行区划。此评价结果可供今后该段公路沿线地质灾害防治参考。     

地质工程项目风险管理的探讨

整个地质工程系统具有时间维度和空间维度两大基本特征,在时间维度上主要表现为自然系统的客观存在性和人们认知能力的有限性,在空间维度上主要表现为系统作用域的风险性。笔者结合我国地质工程项目实施现状,分析目前的工程保险制度、监理委托关系和检测机构委托关系存在的各种风险因素;提出解决上述风险的对策和建议;并对地质工程项目风险管理的程序、方法和手段进行了探讨。     

人工湿地污水处理系统中构建天然蛭石缓冲单元可行性研究

为提高人工湿地污水处理的冬季处理效果,建议在人工湿地处理系统中构建缓冲单元,并将天然蛭石作为缓冲单元的主体填料.结果表明:在水力负荷为1.4 m3/(m2·d)和蛭石层填充高度≥60 cm的条件下,对于经初沉处理的生活污水(COD值为150-350 mg/L,NH4 -N为10-30 mg/L,TP为1.0-1.5 mg/L),无植物天然蛭石缓冲单元至少可在45 d内保持其出水各项水质指标达到一级排放标准,从而可基本满足人工湿地在植物换季时期的处理需要.另外,适当增加系统含氧量和蛭石用量可提高体系缓冲性能.