Monitoring of non-point source pollutants load from a mixed forest land use

The aim of this study was to determine the unit load of NPS (non-point source) pollutants including organic variables such as BOD (biochemical oxygen demand),COD (chemical oxygen demand) and DOC (dissolved organic carbon),nitrogen and phosphorus constituents,and suspended solids (SS) and their event mean concentration (EMC) of runoff flows from a water-shed of mixed forest land use by intensive field experiments.Field monitoring for continuous measurements of rainfall,flow,and water quality was conducted over 12 storm events during 2008–2009 using automated and manual sampling methods.The EMCs of individual runoff event were estimated for each water quality constituent based on the flow rate and concentration data of runoff discharge.The average EMCs of BOD,COD,DOC,SS,TN (total nitrogen),NH 4+ -N,NO 3- -N,TP (total phosphorus),PO 43- -P from the mixed forest land were 1.794,3.498,1.462,10.269,0.862,0.044,0.634,0.034,and 0.005 mg/L,respectively.The annual unit loads of BOD,COD,DOC,SS,TN,NH 4+ -N,NO 3- -N,TP and PO 43--P were estimated as 66.9,133.2,55.5,429.8,36.5,1.6,26.9,1.3 and 0.1 kg/(ha·yr),respectively.In addition,affecting parameters on the EMCs were investigated by statistic analysis of the field data.As a result,significant correlations with precipitation,rainfall intensity,and total runoff flows were found in most constituents.     

Transfer and transport of aluminum in filtration unit

Aluminum salt coagulants were used prevalently in various water works.In this article,the effects of filtration on residual aluminum concentration and species distribution were researched by determining the concentration of diiferent aluminum species before and after single layer filter,double layer filter,and membrane filtration units.In the research,size exclusion chromatography(SEC)was used to separate colloidal and soluble aluminum,ion exchange chromatography(IEC)was used to separate organic and inorganic aluminum, and inductivity coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry(ICP-AES)was used to determine the aluminum concentration.The results showed that the rapid filtration process had the ability of removing residual aluminum from coagulant effluent water,and that double layer filtration was more effective in residual aluminum removal than single layer filtration,while nano filtration was more effective than micro filtration.It was found that when the residual aluminum concentration was below 1mg/L in sediment effluent,the residual aluminum concentration in treated water was above 0.2 mg/L.The direct rapid filtration process mainly removed the suspended aluminum.The removal of soluble and colloidal aluminum was always less than 10% and the natural small particles that adsorbed the amount of soluble or small particles aluminum on their surface were difficult to be removed in this process.Micro filtration and nano filtration were good technologies for removing aluminum;the residual aluminum concentration in the effluent was less than 0.05 mg/L.     

我国南方典型城市土壤重金属污染特征及源汇关系分析

工业化和城市化带来的重金属污染问题日益引起关注,其对环境质量、食品安全、人体健康及社会经济的可持续发展构成了严重的威胁和挑战.本文以我国南方典型城市化区域为研究对象,通过采集表层(0～20 cm)、亚表层(20～40 cm)及剖面(0～100 cm)土壤,检测土壤中8种重金属元素(砷、镉、铬、铜、汞、镍、铅、锌)的含量,并对当地95个主要污染物排放企业的空间分布进行调查,对比土壤重金属高检出区的分布特征并进行源汇关系分析.结果发现,该区域整体上以重金属Cd超标率较高,是主要污染物和需要关注的重点,与农用地土壤污染风险筛选值(0.3 mg·kg~(-1))相比其超标率达71.7%.通过对排放源进行分析,确定了电子电镀和染织两个主要排放行业.工业集中区北部8种重金属元素的平均含量水平显著高于其他区域,受工业和农业干扰较少的城市公园土壤重金属含量与土壤本底值接近.As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb和Zn的高检出区主要集中在北部区域,研究区95个主要污染物排放单位中,72个位于城市北部,主要是电镀和染色皮革行业.进一步研究证明,这些重点排污企业加重了当地土壤中重金属的污染,是当地重金属污染的主要驱动因素.     

我国石化行业温室气体排放源识别

依据《2006年IPCC（政府间气候变化专门委员会）国家温室气体清单指南》及《温室气体协议》,对我国石化行业温室气体排放源进行了识别。结合温室气体排放源范围的两种划分方法,为石化行业的主要生产部门--油气开采、原油炼制与加工、石化原料与制品制造编制了初步的温室气体排放源清单,并简要介绍了石化行业温室气体排放量的核算方法,为石化行业温室气体排放量核算体系的构建奠定基础。     

云南会泽铅锌矿床地质特征及找矿方法模式

在矿床地质特征研究的基础上 ,着重讨论了银及分散元素的分布规律 ,总结出进行成矿预测的主要找矿标志及“重点解剖→点面结合→综合评价→工程验证”的找矿模式 ,提出了矿区重点找矿靶区 ,部分已被验证工程证实     

柳江国家地质公园的科学价值与地质环境保护

秦皇岛柳江国家地质公园以地质遗迹资源丰富、地貌景观多样而闻名,具有重要的科学研究价值和旅游价值。然而地方政府为满足短期经济发展的需要,过度开发园区内的煤炭、水泥灰岩等矿产资源,致使一些珍贵的地质遗迹被破坏。为此,从政策、法规以及宣传教育层面对地质遗迹的保护提出一些建议。     

承德市隆化县茅荆坝地热资源的开发利用

承德市隆化县茅荆坝地热资源丰富,受断裂构造控制,属隐伏基岩裂隙、松散岩孔隙型热储,水温最高可达90℃,地温可达30～40℃,水量充足,水中含有多种医用保健化学成分,但在开发利用中存在着项目单一、利用率不高、资源浪费等问题。地热综合利用和地热梯级利用的开发利用模式,即多目的利用、按不同温度逐级利用,加强科学管理,采取限量打井,限制开采。     

黔西南滥木厂铊矿化区河流沉积物中重金属污染及其潜在生态危害

黔西南滥木厂铊矿化区河流沉积物中重金属元素的含量很高,其环境污染和生态危害值得关注。本文采用地质累积指数(Igeo)和潜在生态危害指数(RI)对重金属污染及其潜在生态危害进行了评价。结果表明,滥木厂河流沉积物中重金属存在较强程度的污染,并具有较强程度的潜在生态危害。主要的污染元素为Tl、As和Cd,而Cr、Zn、Pb、Cu基本上处于无污染或轻微污染的水平。河流沉积物重金属的污染在上游河段较下游河段严重。重金属平均潜在生态危害的排序为:矿山影响区Tl>Cd>As>Pb>Cr>Cu>Zn;矿山未影响区Cd>Tl>Pb>Cr>As>Cu>Zn。     

化肥厂污水回用技术的应用

通过对污水水质的分析,对精制水单元工艺流程进行了改造,实现了该单元冲洗水及分析水的回用,达到了节能减排的效果.     

典型黑色岩系地质高背景区土壤和农产品重金属富集特征与污染风险

土壤重金属污染是我国的重要环境问题,而区域地质高背景是土壤重金属富集的重要影响因素.黑色岩系风化土壤普遍存在重金属富集的现象,潜在生态环境风险较高,但目前农产品重金属富集的基础数据较缺乏,限制了黑色岩系地质高背景区的土地安全利用与农产品安全生产.对重庆典型黑色岩系地质高背景区313件土壤和289件主要农产品重金属的富集特征、污染风险和土壤重金属赋存形态进行研究.结果表明,相对于我国土壤环境背景值和重庆市表层土壤,研究区土壤Cd、 Cr、 Cu、 Zn和Se富集,Pb不富集;其中98.7%的土壤Cd含量超过风险筛选值,47.3%的土壤Cd含量超过风险管制值,Cd的污染水平和潜在生态风险最高,是研究区土壤的特征污染物.土壤Cd主要以离子交换态存在(40.6%),其次为残渣态(19.1%)和弱有机结合态(16.6%); Cr、 Cu、 Pb、 Se和Zn主要以残渣态存在,Se和Cu的有机结合态、 Pb的铁锰结合态也占较高比例;说明Cd的迁移能力和活性高于其它重金属.研究区主要农产品富集重金属的能力较弱,约18.7%的农产品Cd超标,超标倍数相对较低,重金属污染风险较低.研究可为黑色岩系地质高...