论"世界遗产"资源开发利用过程中的环境地质因素及其保护问题

现今随着人口剧增、科学技术进步和资源的不断开发利用,人类工程行为和经济活动已经成为巨大的地质营力,使得某些世界级文化遗产、自然遗产保护区的地质环境发生变化,所面临的资源、环境和可持续发展等方面压力极大。作者以周口店北京人遗址的现状为例,仅就“世界遗产”资源开发利用过程中的环境地质因素及其环境保护等具有共性的问题进行探讨。     

论蓬家夼金矿基础地质──答杨金中等商榷之疑

蓬家夼金矿容矿地层为下白垩统莱阳群一段含碳碎屑岩系 ,与世界上已知的产于含炭岩系金矿床对比 ,以容矿地层时代新、陆相沉积及未经变质区别于已知的金矿床而认为是一种新类型金矿。笔者依据蓬家夼金矿控矿条件 ,成功预测并找到新的盲金矿床 (宋家沟 -发云夼金矿 )。本文论证蓬家夼金矿基础地质 ,指出杨金中等《论蓬家夼金矿的地质特征及成因与聂爱国等商榷》一文基础地质中的错误 :将莱阳群一段含碳碎屑岩错认为荆山群变质杂岩 ,将沉积碎屑岩误认为滑脱构造岩 ,从而导致对该矿床成因的错误认识     

Kachchh (India) earthquake 2001--causes,severity and impact on groundwater resources

Earthquake 2001 in Bhuj region of Kachchh district of Gujarat(India) was one of the most devastating earthquakes in the Indian history. This earthquake has caused severe damage to human life and properties. The impact of earthquake on groundwater resources at many locations was significant. Steep rise in static water level due to earthquake was observed at Bhachau and Chandarani. At other location groundwater followed the declining trend.     

地质学野外教学基地建设的几点思考

综合考虑地质学实践课的特点及野外地质实习基地应具备的功能,根据目前我校地质学野外实习基地的现状,提出了合理选择及建设地质学野外教学基地的几点思考.依照吉林大学地球科学院野外地质实习基地建设经验,制定了我校地质野外实习基地的建设原则和初步构想.     

三峡工程库区环境地质灾害的管理系统

环境地质灾害是制约地区经济发展的重要因素，本文根据资源开发与环境地质灾害之间的相互关系，结合三峡工程库区地质灾害的特点，提出了包括监测系统、信息管理系统、决策支持系统和专家系统等环境地质灾害管理系统的设想和思路，并就该系统建立和运行过程中的有关问题进行了探讨。     

THE RELATIONSHIP OF WATER QUALITY AND FISH OCCURRENCE TO SOILS AND GEOLOGY IN AN AREA OF HIGH HYDROGEN AND SULFATE ION DEPOSITION1

ABSTRACT: A survey of 61 headwater streams and their watersheds on Pennsylvania's Laurel Hill, an area of high hydrogen ion and sulfate deposition, was conducted in May and June 1983. Trout were absent from 12 or 20 percent of the streams. No fish were present in 10 streams. Thirty-three streams appeared to contain viable trout populations, 10 streams had other interferring cultural impacts and 6 streams had nonviable trout populations. Significant differences in water quality were noted among streams with and without fish. The streams having no fish as a group had significantly lower pH and alkalinity and higher dissolved aluminum than those with fish. Attempts were made to correlate soil type and geology with the presence or absence of trout. Watersheds with a major percentage of very stony land soil classifications always contained no trout or were culturally impacted. On the other hand, watersheds with a major percentage of Upshur (limestone derived) soils always supported trout. Watersheds with more than 30 percent Pocono Group bedrock supported trout in every case but two, while in every case but one, watersheds with more than 30 percent Pottsville Group bedrock did not support trout. Acid runoff episode data indicate severe transient acidification attributable to atmospheric deposition. It appears that a combination of very stony land, 30 percent Pottsville Group bedrock and high deposition of hydrogen ions and sulfate may result in transient acidification and absence of fish populations from headwater streams on Pennsylvania's Laurel Hill.     

中国农业地质工作展望

农业地质学是20世纪80年代初兴起的一门以地质学的理论研究农业有关问题的边缘学科。研究农业地质对农业生产有重要意义。文章扼要地论述了研究农业地质的目的和内容,介绍了国内农业地质研究现状,并对中国农业地质工作的发展趋势作了展望。     

非质量氧同位素分馏效应研究进展

非质量氧同位素分馏效应(mass independent oxygenisotope fractionation)研究为一些重大地质科学问题的解释开辟了一条新途径。在简要介绍非质量分馏理论后,重点评述了非质量氧同位素分馏效应的研究进展,包括非质量同位素分馏效应的成因机制、氧同位素组成分析方法建立及其在环境地学领域的应用。并对非质量氧同位素分馏领域未来研究趋势作了进一步探讨。     

基于surfer8.0的高密度电阻率法在水利水电工程灾害性评价中的应用

surfer8.0是一款画三维图的软件,结合高密度电阻率法在水利水电工程灾害性评价中的应用实例,验证了高密度电阻率法在水利水电工程中具有的可行性、有效性和实用性.     

Concentration effect of trace metals in Jordanian patients of urinary calculi

Due to the increase in the number of urinary calculi disease cases in Jordan, stone samples were collected from patients from various Jordanian hospitals (Princes Basma (PBH), King Abdullah University (KAUH), Al-Basheer (ABH) and Al-Mafraq (AMH)). This study concentrates on the effect of trace metals in patients of urinary calculi. Trace metals were detected in 110 urinary calculi samples using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) techniques. Of the calculi examined, 21 were pure calcium oxalate (CaOax), 29 were mixed calcium oxalate/uric acid, 23 were mixed calcium oxalate/phosphate (apatite), 25 were phosphate calculi (apatite/struvite), five were mixed calcium oxalate monohydrate/struvite, four were urate calculi (mixed ammonium acid urate/sodium acid urate) and three were pure cystine calculi. The concentration measurement of Ca and other trace metals levels has been found useful in understanding the mechanism of stone formation and in evaluating pathological factors. It has been found that Ca is the main constituent of the urinary calculi, especially those stones composed of calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate. The concentration of most of the trace metals that were analyzed was (Ca = 48.18, Na = 1.56, K = 0.9, Mg = 3.08, Fe = 1.17, Al = 0.49, Zn = 0.7, Cu = 0.19, Mn = 0.029, P = 10.35, S = 1.88, Sr = 0.306, Mo = 0.2, Cr = 0.146, Co = 0.05, Ni = 0.014)%. In conclusion, metals concentration in Jordanian patient’s urinary calculi samples was higher than its equivalents of other patients’. It has been noted that there is no concentration of toxic trace elements (like Li, V, Pb, Cd, and As). Some heavy metals, however, were detected Mo, Cr, Co and Ni as traces. P and S ions are present in few calculi stones as traces.