DETERMINATION OF HYDRAULIC C.ONDUCTWITY TENSOR USING A NONLINEAR LEAST SQUARES ESTIMATOR1

ABSTRACT: Reliable and consistent estimation of the components of the hydraulic conductivity tensor provides information needed to make proper decisions regarding clean up and restoration of contaminated aquifers. In this study, the nonlinear least-squares estimation technique was applied to drawdown versus time data from three or more observation wells to determine a theoretical ellipse of equal drawdown. The angle of rotation of this ellipse with respect to the working coordinate axes was determined by a procedure based on contouring the drawdowns at a given time. This ellipse, in turn, was used to estimate the directions and magnitudes of the horizontal components of the hydraulic conductivity tensor. The technique is applicable to confined, as well as leaky, aquifers. Sources of error in this technique include nonhomogeneity of the aquifer and partial penetration of the pumping and observation wells into the aquifer. The procedure presented may be used as an additional tool to verify computations of hydraulic conductivity anisotropy based on other techniques.     

穿越逆冲断层的埋地管道非线性反应分析

穿越逆冲断层的埋地管道在地震作用下,容易发生局部屈曲或整体失稳等形式的破坏,研究逆冲断层作用下的埋地管道地震反应规律,对管道抗震设计及施工等具有重要的意义。本文将埋地管线及周围土体从半无限地球介质中取出,分别以空间薄壳单元和实体单元进行离散,采用非线性接触力学方法模拟管、土之间的滑移、分离及闭合现象;采用线性位移加载模拟断层的错动,考虑了系统初始应力状态的影响,对土体未开裂前的管土相互作用系统进行了拟静力数值分析;分析了位错量、土体刚度、埋设深度、径厚比及跨越角度对埋地管道反应的影响,得出了一些有益的结论。     

兼顾公平与效率的无人机应急中继通信选址优化问题

为提高应急救援中无人机应急中继通信资源配置的公平与效率,在考虑无人机中继通信覆盖范围限制、各受灾用户集群点分布情况、受灾群众公平性感知的基础上,构建以最大化系统吞吐量为效率目标、最小化受灾群众公平损失值为公平目标的无人机应急中继通信选址多目标0-1非线性整数规划模型,采用基于k-means的模拟退火算法对其进行求解,并以实际案例为背景构造算例,验证本文提出模型和算法的可行性与有效性,并进行多目标分析及参数敏感性分析。研究结果表明：本文提出的模型和算法能在较短时间得到无人机应急中继通信选址方案,保证所有受灾用户集群点获得通信中继;同时,确定最佳无人机设备数量,验证公平目标与效率目标存在悖反关系。     

On-Line Adaptive and Nonlinear Process Monitoring of a Pilot-Scale Sequencing Batch Reactor

This article describes the application of on-line nonlinear monitoring of a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). Three-way batch data of SBR are unfolded batch-wisely, and then a adaptive and nonlinear multivariate monitoring method is used to capture the nonlinear characteristics of normal batches. The approach is successfully applied to an 80 L SBR for biological wastewater treatment, where the SBR poses an interesting challenge in view of process monitoring since it is characterized by nonstationary, batchwise, multistage, and nonlinear dynamics. In on-line batch monitoring, the developed adaptive and nonlinear process monitoring method can effectively capture the nonlinear relationship among process variables of a biological process in a SBR. The results of this pilot-scale SBR monitoring system using simple on-line measurements clearly demonstrated that the adaptive and nonlinear monitoring technique showed lower false alarm rate and physically meaningful, that is, robust monitoring results.     

船舶与桥墩防撞系统碰撞的数值仿真分析

船舶与桥墩防撞系统的碰撞是一种复杂的非线性动态响应历程，整个系统的动态变形和应力变化过程主要取决于桥墩防撞系统的特性。探讨了碰撞力学及数值仿真分析的基本原理，并以某跨海大桥为例，借助于非线性有限元软件LS-DYNA，仿真分析了船舶撞击桥墩防撞系统的基本过程，反映了船舶与桥墩防撞系统碰撞时碰撞力、能量转化及防撞系统能量吸收和变形的时间历程，可供同类型桥墩防撞系统设计参考。     

广东暴雨过程的非线性预报

从高低纬环流指数、南支槽指数和澳洲高压指数,综合得到广东汛期暴雨过程的强信号。用指数曲线拟合的方法,多次滚动外延、叠加预报,获得未来若干次暴雨过程开始日期的预报。此方法预报时效长,有较好的预报效果。     

聚碳酸酯/ABS/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的热重动力学分析

利用直接熔融插层技术制备聚碳酸酯/ABS聚合物合金/蒙脱土纳米复合材料.用热重分析法(TGA)研究了聚合物合金和纳米复合材料的热氧化降解行为.分别采用了无模式函数法(model-freemethod)和多元非线性回归法(multivariate nonlinearregression method)进行动力学评价.由此确定了整个降解过程的表观动力学参数.研究结果表明聚碳酸酯/ABS/蒙脱土纳米复合材料具有较高的热稳定性和阻燃性.两种材料的热氧化降解模型是一个两步分解过程.     

Nonlinear control of a wind turbine based on nonlinear estimation techniques for maximum power extraction

This work proposes nonlinear estimators with nonlinear controllers, for variable speed wind turbine (VSWT) considering that either the wind speed measurement is not available or not accurate. The main objective of this work is to maximize the energy capture from the wind and minimizes the transient load on the drive train. Controllers are designed to adjust the generated torque for maximum power output. Estimation of effective wind speed is required to achieve the above objectives. In this work the estimation of effective wind speed is done by using the Modified Newton Rapshon (MNR), Neural Network (NN) trained by different training algorithms and nonlinear time series based estimation. Initially the control strategies applied was the classical ATF (Aerodynamic torque feed forward) and ISC (Indirect speed control), however due their weak performance and unmodeled WT disturbances, nonlinear static and dynamic feedback linearization techniques with the above wind speed estimators are proposed.     

高温后足尺有粘结预应力混凝土梁板力学性能研究

针对足尺有粘结预应力混凝土梁板高温后的抗弯承栽力开展了非线性计算分析。结果表明,综合配筋指标、有效预应力对高温后极限弯矩与常温下极限弯矩比值M_u~A/M_u的影响不大,预应力度和预应力筋的保护层厚度对M_u~A/M_u影响显著。高宽比近似相同的有粘结预应力混凝土梁,当第一排钢筋的保护层厚度相同时,受火时间为3 h,高度为700 mm的梁高温后截面承栽力下降幅度最大约为30%,高度为4500 mm的梁高温后截面承栽力下降幅度不到10%,高温后大尺度梁的力学性能优于小尺度梁。给出了考虑预应力筋保护层厚度和预应力度影响的有粘结预应力混凝土板M_u~A/M_u的计算公式,以及综合考虑预应力筋、非预应力筋合力点到梁底距离和预应力筋梁侧保护层厚度影响的有粘结预应力混凝土梁M_u~A/M_u的计算公式。     

近断层强地震动下双层竖向重叠地铁隧道的地震反应

由于近断层地震动的特性显著地不同于距断层较远的地震动,基于江苏省的地震环境和南京地铁的建设背景,以深软场地中的双层竖向重叠隧道结构为研究对象,将地基土-地铁隧道体系视为平面应变问题,以软件ABAQUS为计算平台,考虑土体和隧道混凝土的非线性特性,研究了近断层强地震动作用下地铁双层隧道的水平向非线性地震反应特性,并与单层隧道的地震反应进行了比较。结果表明:在近断层地震动作用下,存在地铁隧道外侧的动应力大于隧道内侧的情况,且隧道的动应力比南京人工波(模拟距离断层较远的中远距离地震动)中震、大震作用下的动应力大1.4～3.4倍;双层隧道上、下两层隧道的动应力幅值均比其对应位置处的单层隧道小;双层隧道的相对水平位移均比其对应位置处的单层隧道大,双层隧道上层顶部的相对水平位移是浅埋单层隧道的1.29～1.69倍;双层隧道底部的加速度反应时程曲线与浅埋或深埋单层隧道的区别不大,其峰值加速度的差异在10%以内。