方钢管混凝土柱-钢梁竖向加劲板连接节点抗震性能分析

在合理选择材料本构关系、破坏准则的基础上,采用通用有限元软件ANSYS对方钢管混凝土柱-钢梁竖向加劲板式节点进行了低周反复荷载试验,以及在低周反复荷载下的抗震性能分析。结果表明:有限元分析得到的滞回曲线和骨架曲线与试验结果吻合较好;试件破坏为梁端破坏,塑性铰出现在梁端,在梁变截面附近出现了局部屈曲,也与试验结果一致。     

泥炭对甲苯的吸附-解吸行为研究

用热处理方法对泥炭进行活化改性,探讨了对甲苯的吸附性能及影响因素,并研究了甲苯在泥炭上的吸附/解吸行为。结果表明,粒径在0.6～1 mm之间的泥炭在160℃热处理5 h,在pH为7的条件下对甲苯有良好的吸附效果,对甲苯的吸附量为0.32 mg/g。泥炭对甲苯的吸附在20 min内基本达到平衡,可用二级吸附速率方程进行拟合。甲苯在泥炭上的吸附和解吸均呈现明显的非线性,用Langmuir模型能较好地描述,泥炭对甲苯的饱和吸附量为0.939 mg/g。甲苯在泥炭上的平均解吸率为6.393%,并且出现了滞后现象,表明苯系物与泥炭有较强的结合能力。研究结果为应用泥炭作为PRB装填介质进行原位修复甲苯污染的地下水提供了理论依据。     

三峡库区非线性延迟的环境效应及其防治对策

介绍了非线性延迟的环境效应的概念、危害及其预测和防治对策。针对三峡库区的污染现状，与浙江千岛湖（新安江水库）建库40年后蓝藻水华暴发的环境状况比较，强调三峡水库局部水域可能存在人为富营养化污染引起的非线性延迟的环境效应，特别是水库蓄水后库区支流香溪河水域蓝藻水华暴发的风险性极大；根据三峡水库毗邻武陵山汞矿带高汞背景区，燃煤的硫和汞含量较高，以及库区酸沉降和汞污染状况较为严重的状况，提出库区存在汞甲基化和酸沉降引起的非线性环境效应。讨论了相应这些效应的控制对策和措施，并建议现在充分重视这些非线性环境效应，在库区生态环境建设中要考虑这些影响的防治措施。     

Imputing Unmeasured Explanatory Variables in Environmental Epidemiology With Application to Health Impact Analysis of Air Pollution

This paper presents the results of a reconsideration of earlier work that finds an association between daily hospital admissions for respiratory distress and daily concentrations of sulphate (lag 1) as well as daily maximum concentrations of ozone (lags 1 and 3). These associations are found even after clustering the data by hospital of admission and accounting for the effects of temperature. We use an adaptation of their generalized estimating equation technique for clustered data, that daily data being for southern Ontario summers from 1983 to 1988. Like them, we adjust for daily maximum temperatures. However, unlike the earlier work returned to ours includes daily average humidity as a potential explanatory variable in our model. Our analysis also differs from theirs in that we cluster the data by census subdivision to reduce the risk of confounding pollutant levels with population size within regions. Moreover, we log-transform the explanatory variables and then high-pass filter the resulting data. We also deviate from the earlier analysis by taking account of measurement error incurred in using surrogate measures of the explanatory variables. To do so we use new methodology designed for our study but of potential value in other applications. That methodology requires a spatial predictive distribution for the unmeasured explanatory variables. Each day about 700 missing measurements for each of these variables can then be imputed over the geographical domain of the study. With these imputations we get a measure of imputation error through the covariance of the predictive distribution. Along with the predictive distribution we require an impact model to link-up with the predictive distribution. We describe that model and show how it uses the imputed measurements of the missing values of the explanatory variables. We also show how through that model, uncertainty about these values is reflected in our analysis and in commensurate uncertainties in the inferences made. Apart from its substantive objectives, our analysis serves to test the new methods with the earlier results serving as a foil. The reassuring qualitative agreement between our findings and the earlier results seems encouraging.     

基于神经网络的岩体边坡稳定性的灰色聚类空间预测法及其应用

针对岩体边坡稳定性与影响因素之间的非线性关系,提出了基于神经网络的岩体边坡稳定性的灰色聚类空间预测法,结合实例仿真分析,表明该方法能较好地处理岩体边坡稳定性与影响因素之间的灰色非线性关系,同时,能比较准确地预测岩体边坡的稳定性。     

The Precariousness of North American Boreal Forests

Over the past two centuries progressive anthropogenicperturbations to natural, boreal forest-climateinteractions have contributed increasingly to awidespread transition from coniferous to deciduouslandscapes. This transition is associated withchanges, at boreal latitudes, in temperature,photosynthetic activity, atmospheric CO₂ andspring snow cover. These signals convey thediminished capacity of boreal landscapes to store andcycle materials and energy.     

燃烧、爆炸过程复杂性行为的非线性动力学(Ⅰ)

从非线性动力学观点,总结了燃烧和爆炸系统的多种复杂现象。指出了其非线性现象之间的对应关系。提出了从非线性即从“系统”、“全局或大范围”、“演化”及“统一”地观点认识燃烧和爆炸现象的观点。     

非线性复合模型在云南纵向岭谷区生态安全评价中的应用

应用非线性模糊综合评价——未确知测度复合评价模型(简称非线性复合模型),对云南纵向岭谷区的生态安全进行了评价. 非线性复合模型考虑到生态系统的非线性,引入了非线性合成算子,并利用置信度准则对评价样本进行识别与排序. 结果表明:非线性复合模型既能反映某种指标的突出影响,又能把线性加权平均模型看作是它的特例;利用非线性复合模型对评价样本进行识别与排序,克服了使用最大隶属度方法进行排序的缺点. 非线性复合模型在研究区中的应用得到了客观、合理的评价结果,表明其在多指标、多样本评价中的可行性      

考虑流固耦合作用的深水桥墩地震响应分析

地震作用下,深水桥墩与周围水体的耦合振动是一个非常复杂的动力相互作用问题。本文基于非线性Mori-son方程,采用Airy波浪理论,建立了深水桥墩考虑流固耦合作用的有限元模型,应用Newmark-β法提出了求解该耦合非线性方程的算法,并用ANSYS软件和Matlab软件自编了求解程序。以某跨海大桥深水桥墩为算例,对其进行在地震作用下的非线性动力分析,并与已有计算方法进行对比。结果表明:按本文方法计算的墩顶最大位移、墩底最大剪力及墩底最大弯矩均较大,差异最大达到12.5%。因此在极端海况条件下,对深水桥墩进行地震作用下的动力分析时,建议采用本文考虑流固耦合的方法。     

基于土壤重金属污染评价的数学模型

本文采用离散插值、多元非线性回归分析、有限差分法等方法,建立了一种针对土壤中重金属污染程度评价的数学模型,模型包含重金属污染的主要原因、重金属污染源的查证。采用指数函数和多项式拟合建立其数学空间理论模型,结合实际物理扩散方式,得到污染物的传播特征模型;再通过离散插值得到污染物浓度峰值的仿真点位置坐标,进而利用多元非线性回归的方法,对仿真点附近区域内的采集数据实现拟合,定位各个污染源。