Sonolysis and mineralization of pentachlorophenol by means of varying parameters

IntroductionThepresenceofhuman derivedornaturallyoccurringvolatileornovolatiletoxicorganiccompoundsindrinkingwaterhavebecomeaproblemofamajornationalandinternationalconcern .Thepresenceoftoxicorganiccompoundsinafewpartsperbillionisenoughtorenderawatersuppl…     

商用蜂窝式SCR脱硝催化剂产品性能分析

选取4份国内不同催化剂厂家的蜂窝式SCR脱硝催化剂,测量并对比其机械性能和活性,结合理化特性分析催化剂机械性能与活性不达标的原因。结果表明,脱硝催化剂的机械性能和活性受多方面因素的影响。催化剂中主活性成分和助催化剂WO_3的含量,Ca O,K,Na,Mg等碱金属,碱土金属元素以及比表面积、孔容等微观孔结构都能影响催化剂的活性。SiO_2,Al2O_3等玻璃纤维含量和生产工艺会影响催化剂的机械性能。燃煤电厂需根据烟气条件对催化剂进行选型和设计,催化剂生产厂家必须优化和调整催化剂各生产环节工艺参数,严格把控原料质量,确保生产的催化剂产品同时具备良好的机械性能和较高的活性,以满足电厂实际需要。     

2003—2018年全国酸雨状况变化趋势研究

基于2003—2018年全国291个城市降水监测结果的分析表明:全国降水酸度明显降低,其中,2003—2006年有所升高,2006年之后呈降低趋势;酸雨区面积呈减小趋势,共减少约97万km²,酸雨发生频率超过5%的面积减少了20.9个百分点;全国酸雨城市比例为21.3%～40.9%,2009年开始总体呈下降趋势,2018年降为21.6%,重酸雨城市比例在2005年之后总体呈下降趋势;全国平均酸雨频率为11.7%～25.6%,2006年之后总体呈下降趋势,2018年酸雨频率在50%以上的城市比例较2006年下降了13.9个百分点。基于174个城市的降水离子组分分析结果显示:我国降水中的主要阴离子为硫酸根,其离子当量浓度占比为19.4%～32.9%,2003年以来年平均降低0.6个百分点;降水中的主要阳离子为钙离子和铵离子;硫酸根沉降通量年平均下降0.68 t/km²,硝酸根沉降通量年平均降低0.05 t/km²,全国SO₂浓度变化趋势与硫酸根沉降通量变化趋势基本一致;我国降水中的硝酸根与硫酸根离子当量浓度比值总体呈升高趋势,表明硝酸根离子对降水酸度的影响逐渐增加,酸雨类型正由硫酸型向硫酸-硝酸混合型转变。     

Assessment of Changes in Stream and Riparian Conditions of the Marys River Basin,Nevada1

Abstract: Stream and riparian managers must effectively allocate limited financial and personnel resources to monitor and manage riparian ecosystems. They need to use management strategies and monitoring methods that are compatible with their objectives and the response potential of each stream reach. Our objective is to help others set realistic management objectives by comparing results from different methods used to document riparian recovery across a diversity of stream types. The Bureau of Land Management Elko Field Office, Nevada, used stream survey, riparian proper functioning condition (PFC) assessment, repeat photographic analysis, and stream and ecological classification to study 10 streams within the Marys River watershed of northeast Nevada during all or parts of 20 years. Most riparian areas improved significantly from 1979 to 1992‐1993 and then additionally by 1997‐2000. Improvements were observed in riparian and habitat condition indices, bank cover, and stability, pool quality, bank angle, and depth of undercut bank. Interpretation of repeat photography generally confirmed results from stream survey and should be part of long‐term riparian monitoring. More attributes of Rosgen stream types C and E improved than of types B and F. A and Gc streams did not show significant improvement. Alluvial draws and alluvial valleys improved in more ways than V‐erosional canyons and especially V‐depositional canyons. Stream survey data could not be substituted for riparian PFC assessment. Riparian PFC assessments help interpret other data.     

Advances In Out Door Lysimeter Techniques

Different methods exist for measuring soil water and solute fluxes in and below the root zone and have been critically reviewed. Besides indirect methods (e.g. water balance, tensiometer, time domain reflectometry – TDR, frequency domain reflectometry – FDR, environmental tracer) direct methods (e.g. drainage-type lysimeter, water fluxmeter) have a long tradition and have been successfully used in seepage research. A large weighable out door lysimeter is the best method for obtaining reliable data about seepage water quantity and quality, but it involves significant investment and additional expenses for maintenance. To tackle this problem new methods for the vertical collection of large volume soil monoliths (up to 6 m³) as well as for the horizontal collection (up to 6 m³) have been developed. For the placement of the lysimeter a container lysimeter unit was constructed, which is cheaper than a conventional steel or concrete cellar. Furthermore, the technical design of the newly developed lysimeter types as a weighable gravitation lysimeter, a weighable groundwater lysimeter and a lateral flow lysimeter are presented.     

旅游景区解说设施研究

为了更好地促进旅游信息的传播与交流、旅游地形象的宣传、旅游学术思想的交流与共享、旅游产品的促销、旅游服务的完善与提高等,对旅游景区解说设施的功能、类型、解说效果、相关因素、流程进行了深入研究,提出了旅游景区解说设施的4个功能、2大类型,比较分析了各类型旅游解说设施的解说效果、解说设施及其相关要素的循环关系,以及旅游景区解说设施的规划流程。     

Changes in cell-type composition in digestive gland of slugs and its influence in biomarkers following transplantation between a relatively unpolluted and a chronically metal-polluted site

Changes in cell-type composition (CCTC) is a general phenomenon that takes place in the digestive gland epithelium of stressed molluscs. The aim of the present work was to determine whether CCTC is a reversible process in the digestive gland of sentinel slugs chronically exposed to metal pollution and how CCTC affects metal accumulation parameters and different cell and tissue biomarkers of exposure and effect. Slugs (Arion ater) from an abandoned zinc mine were transferred to a relatively unpolluted site and the other way around for 3, 10 and 28 d. The volume density of black silver deposits (Vv_BSD) after autometallography, and metallothionein (MT) levels were used as biomarkers of exposure to metals and CCTC and lysosomal responses were selected as effect biomarkers. Results indicated that slugs were sensitive to recent metal pollution; however, slugs chronically exposed to metals presented some characteristic features and were less responsive to pollution cessation without signs of CCTC reversal.     

基于ABAQUS的呼吸防护面具卡扣装配设计

在对呼吸防护面具结构和装配力学分析的基础上,确定了卡扣装配尺寸、受力、变形的关系表达式。在表达式的基础上,建立了环型卡扣装配分析模型,并用ABAQUS软件分析了卡扣不同过盈量和插入角对卡扣连接和装配力的影响,进而根据最大装配力、最大应变与许用应变的关系,得到了环型卡扣的最佳过盈量、最佳插入角,满足了装配可靠、连接紧凑和密封性好的要求。     

生物载体强化的连续流生物制氢反应器的运行特性

在连续流搅拌槽式反应器(CSTR)中填加比重为1.54 g/cm³,粒径小于2mm的多孔物质,以糖蜜废水为底物利用活性污泥制取氢气.考察了填加生物载体后生物制氢反应器连续流稳定运行的系统特性.研究表明,投加生物载体能够扩大产氢细菌的活性范围,提高系统的抗冲击负荷能力和耐低pH值的能力,增加系统稳定性,并且可使系统在低HRT下保持较高的生物量.此连续流生物制氢反应系统的最佳发酵类型为乙醇型发酵,适宜的pH值范围为3.8～4.4,气相中的氢气含量约为40%～57%,最大产氢速率为0.37L/(g·d).降低pH值可抑制厌氧发酵过程中出现的产甲烷菌群,加速产氢反应器的启动.     

不同混交类型对毛竹林土壤有机碳和土壤呼吸的影响

为了解不同混交类型对毛竹林土壤有机碳含量和组成以及土壤呼吸的影响,为武夷山地区毛竹林土壤环境改善和可持续生产经营积累实验数据,以武夷山地区毛竹(Phyllostachys edulis J.Houz.)纯林、毛竹-阔叶树混交林、毛竹-油茶(Camellia oleifera Abel.)混交林、毛竹-杉木[Cunnin...