厌氧微网分离反应器（AMSB）系统运行优化研究

对厌氧微网分离反应器进行运行优化研究,AMSB对污染物的去除主要依靠微网对颗粒性污染物的截留实现的,对溶解性污染物的去除并不理想.随着HRT延长,COD去除率略有增加;污泥颗粒化有助于降低膜污染速率;加温并不能显著提高污染物去除效果,但却加重了膜污染;增加搅拌增强了AMSB内部的传质作用,污染物去除率得到提升的同时,膜污染速率显著加快;综合污染物去除、微网抗污染能力和运行维护等方面,最终选择升流式作为推荐的AMSB构型.     

皮口至大长山岛海域现代沉积特征

2003年9月国家海洋环境监测中心对皮口至大长山岛海域进行了海洋资源综合调查与评价.取表层沉积物样90余个,3柱柱状样,通过实验室分析,将表层沉积物类型及其分布特征进行分析,并应用210Pb测年技术,测得调查区海域现代沉积物的堆积速度,探讨其沉积物的沉积速率.结果表明,该区表层沉积物类型以细颗粒沉积为主,具有淤泥质岸带的沉积特征.210Pb测得沉积速率揭示出测区的北岸潮滩区高于水下岸坡也高于大长山岛北侧近岸海域.该区物质来源丰富,沿岸鸭绿江、大洋河、碧流河、和庄河携带的泥沙严格控制了沉积物类型的分布特征.     

基于CALIOP的安徽沿淮地区霾天气溶胶类型及垂直分布特征

利用CALIPSO卫星气溶胶廓线数据、地面观测资料进行统计分析,给出了2012—2013年安徽沿淮地区霾日气溶胶的垂直廓线分布.基于后向轨迹及聚类分析,获得沿淮地区污染的主要来源及传输方向,并进一步利用卫星类型掩码产品(VFM)及EC再分析资料,对不同来源的气溶胶类型、气溶胶垂直分布及导致污染的典型天气形势进行分析.结果表明,沿淮地区消光系数随高度减小,霾日近地面消光系数为0.53km~(-1),约为晴空日的2.5倍.污染性天气主要为本地污染积累(占比为46%),其次为长三角区域污染带及京津冀等地污染传输作用影响.在静稳天气背景下,850 h Pa暖平流形成逆温层易导致沿淮地区本地污染,大陆污染型气溶胶为主要成分,近地面受低压上升气流影响,污染物在垂直方向上略有抬升,聚集高度为0.4~0.8 km.当西太平洋副热带高压5880位势高度等值线西伸北进,长三角区域整层大气均被高压控制,易产生污染沙尘型气溶胶,污染物聚集在近地面且浓度随高度减小.而在冷空气南下早期,850 h Pa冷平流易将京津冀地区污染传输到沿淮地区,气溶胶类型为大陆污染型气溶胶和污染沙尘型气溶胶,在1~2 km处高污染浓度最高,高于近地层.     

福建省上杭紫金山矿田铜金银矿床类型及对比

紫金山大型铜（金）矿床是我国大陆发现的首例高硫浅成低温热液型（石英—明矾石型）矿床。随着勘探工作的深入，在该矿床深部及边部相继发现了斑岩型铜（钼）矿、中低温热液型铜金矿和低硫浅成低温热液型（绢云母—冰长石型）银、金、铜矿。各类型矿床间的浅成热液系统连续过渡，这在世界上是具代表性的矿例。不仅具有重要的找矿意义；而且在陆相火山成矿方面有重要理论意义。     

景区建成环境对游客空间分布的影响研究——以台儿庄古城为例

游客的合理分布是景区规划管理与需求预测的重要部分,是实现景区有效保护和良性发展的关键环节。综合运用ArcGIS与Depthmap软件对台儿庄古城景区建成环境因素进行量化处理,探讨景区建成环境对游客空间分布的影响,并提出景区规划提升策略。结果表明:①整合度与入口关系、业态聚客力与景点吸引力显著正向影响游客空间分布,空间深度与选择度对游客空间分布的影响不显著。②台儿庄古城空间范围内的业态及景点沿整合度高的大衙门街两侧集聚,景区空间与功能的对应关系较为紧密。     

Improving species-based area protection in Antarctica

Area protection is a major mechanism deployed for environmental conservation in Antarctica. Yet, the Antarctic protected areas network is widely acknowledged as inadequate, in part because the criteria for area protection south of 60°S are not fully applied. The most poorly explored of these criteria is the type locality of species, which provides the primary legal means for Antarctic species-based area protection and a method for conserving species even if little is known about their habitat or distribution. The type locality criterion has not been systematically assessed since its incorporation into the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty in 1991, so the extent to which the criterion is being met or might be useful for area protection is largely unknown. To address the matter, we created and analyzed a comprehensive database of Antarctic type localities of terrestrial and lacustrine lichens, plants, and animals. We compiled the database via a literature search of key taxonomic and geographic terms and then analyzed the distance between type localities identifiable to a ≤ 25km² resolution and current Antarctic Specially Protected Areas (ASPAs) and human infrastructure. We used a distance-clustering approach for localities outside current ASPAs to determine candidate protected areas that could contain these unprotected localities. Of the 386 type localities analyzed, 108 were within or overlapped current ASPAs. Inclusion of the remaining 278 type localities in the ASPA network would require the designation of a further 105 protected areas. Twenty-four of these areas included human infrastructure disturbance. Given the slow rate of ASPA designation, growing pace of human impacts on the continent, and the management burden associated with ASPAs, we propose ways in which the type locality criterion might best be deployed. These include a comprehensive, systematic conservation planning approach and an alternative emphasis on the habitat of species, rather than on a single locality.