圈养大熊猫乳汁营养成分分析及育幼营养对策初探

连续测定了１只１０ａ大熊猫产后１ｍｏ内１２个乳汁样品中水份、粗蛋白（ＣＰ）、粗脂肪（ＥＥ）、粗灰分（ＣＡ）、乳糖（Ｌａｃ）、１７种氨基酸（ＡＡ）、１０种矿物元素、６种维生素的含量．结果表明，大熊猫产后前６ｄ乳汁中多数营养素含量与６ｄ后含量差异明显．产后ｄ１乳汁中ｗ（ＣＰ）＝６．３４％，ｄ５～１５在５％左右；ｗ（ＥＥ）在２．５０％～７．３３％范围内变动；乳糖含量皆在１％左右；大多数维生素和微量元素含量远高于常见的家畜乳和人乳中相应成分的含量．在分析大熊猫乳汁营养成分含量特点的基础上，探讨了育纳营养对策．     

Complex effects of habitat amount and fragmentation on functional connectivity and inbreeding in a giant panda population

The relationships between habitat amount and fragmentation level and functional connectivity and inbreeding remain unclear. Thus, we used genetic algorithms to optimize the transformation of habitat area and fragmentation variables into resistance surfaces to predict genetic structure and examined habitat area and fragmentation effects on inbreeding through a moving window and spatial autoregressive modeling approach. We applied these approaches to a wild giant panda population. The amount of habitat and its level of fragmentation had nonlinear effects on functional connectivity (gene flow) and inbreeding. Functional connectivity was highest when approximately 80% of the surrounding landscape was habitat. Although the relationship between habitat amount and inbreeding was also nonlinear, inbreeding increased as habitat increased until about 20% of the local landscape contained habitat, after which inbreeding decreased as habitat increased. Because habitat fragmentation also had nonlinear relationships with functional connectivity and inbreeding, we suggest these important responses cannot be effectively managed by minimizing or maximizing habitat or fragmentation. Our work offers insights for prioritization of protected areas.