供水管网震后流量监测点的动态分级优化布局研究

为了提高管网地震监测点布局的准确性和合理性,基于管网微观水力计算模型和动态分级法,提出供水管网震后流量监测点的动态分级优化布局模型。首先,利用管网微观水力计算模型计算管段流量的影响系数,构建管段的影响系数矩阵,并利用信息熵确定管段权重;其次,标准化处理影响系数矩阵,通过聚类迭代提出供水管网地震流量监测点优化布局的动态分级方法,对供水管网震后流量监测点进行优化布置分级评定;最后,根据工程实例进行方法实践,结果表明:供水管网中的管线分类较为科学合理,地震监测点在供水管网上分布也比较均匀,而且该模型在一定程度上消除了人为因素的影响,保障了震时管网的监控效果和日常建设的合理性。     

基于SVM的矿井通风阻力系数影响因素分析与预测

矿井通风阻力系数是通风安全最重要的基础参数之一,为了实现矿井通风阻力系数简单准确地预测,提出了利用支持向量机（SVM）来预测矿井通风阻力系数的方法。通过分析影响因子与矿井通风阻力系数的相关性关系,并利用MATLAB逐步建立单影响因素与矿井通风阻力系数、多影响因素与矿井通风阻力系数之间的SVM预测模型,对比分析各预测模型的相对误差,确定最佳矿井通风阻力系数预测模型,即当输入模型影响因素为巷道断面积、周长和支护方式时,预测相对误差小于10%的样本数占测试样本的76%,相对误差小于20%的样本数占测试样本的90%。结果表明:该预测方法在矿井通风阻力系数预测中是可行的,并具较高的准确性。     

利用高炉水淬渣制作多孔吸声材料的研究

为了促进高炉炼铁水淬渣的二次利用,研究了以高炉炼铁水淬渣为原料,以硅微粉或水泥为粘结剂,采用压制成型方法制作的多孔吸声材料的吸声性能及力学性能。结果表明:用颗粒状的高炉炼铁水淬渣制作的多孔吸声材料具有良好的吸声性能,其平均吸声系数可以达到0.70以上;材料的抗压强度可以达到3.0 MPa以上。     

Estimation of Land Use Specific Runoff and Pollutant Concentration for Tapi River Basin in India

Non-point source (NPS) pollution is the result of various land use practices such as agriculture, sites of construction and waste disposal, urban development and so on. The control of NPS pollution is possible by regular monitoring and assessment on watershed basis to educate people for implementing well-known structural and non-structural measures. Recent trend is to use GIS based modelling tool for assessment of rainfall-runoff and non-point loading. The approach requires generation and analysis of basin wide data on various features of land and estimates of Event Mean Concentrations (EMCs) of pollutants in the runoff. In the present paper, basin wide data in different districts of Tapi basin has been analysed for land use distribution; fertilizer application; low, medium and high-density habitation; and annual rainfall. Coefficients of runoff have been estimated considering pervious and impervious area for different land use types, and compared with the reported values for Indian conditions. The estimated mean annual runoff flow indicated that two districts Jalgaon and Dhule contribute maximum runoff to the Tapi River. Estimates of EMCs for BOD and nutrients (N and P) in the runoff from various districts are useful in GIS-based modelling study for NPS pollution assessment.     

Temperature Effect on Migration of Zn and Cd Through Natural Clay

To investigate the effect of temperature on effective diffusion coefficients and retardation factors for Zn and Cd, combined diffusion and sequential extraction analyses were conducted at 15 ^˚C and 55 ^˚C. The effective diffusion coefficients of the metals increased up to ten times according to the increased temperature. On the other hand, the effect of temperature on the retardation factor depended on the retention mechanisms of the metals. The distribution coefficient for Zn, which was mainly partitioned in the carbonate phase, increased up to two times with the increase in temperature. On the other hand, the distribution coefficient for Cd, which was mainly partitioned in the exchangeable phase, was hardly affected by the temperature change. Results of combined diffusion and sequential extraction analysis showed that the effect of temperature on the heavy metals’ (Zn and Cd) migration through the compacted natural clay was influenced by the combined effects of the diffusion coefficient and the retardation factor. Additionally, we could also observe the change in retention mechanism for the metals with the change in pore water concentration.     

基于Revised IMPROVE方法和MIE方法计算北京地区气溶胶消光系数的对比分析

目的对比分析IMPROVE方程的改进算法(Revised IMPROVE)和MIE方法在北京地区计算消光系数的适用性。方法基于2012年6月3日至6月30日北京地区大气颗粒物成分的浓度观测数据,分别采用Revised IMPROVE和MIE方法计算颗粒物的消光系数,其中MIE方法的粒径分布采用总量双峰分布体积谱和化学组分体积谱两种方案进行循环试验获取最优拟合结果,使用散射积分浊度计和黑碳仪的实测数据对计算结果进行对比分析。结果 RevisedIMPROVE方程、总量双峰体积谱MIE方法和化学组分体积谱MIE方法都能较好地计算出了大气颗粒物消光系数,与观测结果回归方程的相关系数R分别达到0.952、0.9686和0.9734。体积谱分布参数的循环试验方法还同时可以获得气溶胶的体积谱分布参数,总量双峰体积谱和化学组分体积谱MIE方法得到的细颗粒和粗颗粒几何平均粒径分别为0.74、7.5μm和0.48、6.0μm。结论采用化学组分体积谱MIE方法计算的消光系数与观测结果最为接近,Revised IMPROVE方程也有较好的准确性,采用化学组分体积谱MIE方法得到的颗粒物体积谱峰值与实际观测结果也较为一致。     

CBERS-2B数据提取平原区细小地物系数的方法探讨

利用Landsat TM等中等分辨率影像对区域生态环境进行监测与评价时,由于影像分辨率的局限性,仍有许多地物无法解译出来,如农田中的道路、水渠等,文章主要研究了利用图像融合增强和人机交互式解译等技术方法,对CBERS-2B的CCD影像和HR影像进行处理,提取平原区农田中道路面积比系数,从而将农田中未解译的地物扣除。结果表明,CCD影像与HR影像经过融合增强处理后,可以进行平原地区村级及以上道路的提取。     

多环芳烃的分配系数与双区理论

以双区理论为基础,提出了多环芳烃的致癌性与其分配系数之间的定量关系方程,并利用该方程计算了77个多环芳烃的致癌性。计算值与实验值基本符合。     

基于灰关联分析的天津市气溶胶消光特征研究

根据天津市秋季(2006年10月10日～20日)消光系数(bext)、PM2.5、SO2、NOX、NO2、O3质量浓度及相对湿度监测结果,利用灰色关联分析法分析大气消光系数同空气中的几种主要污染要素的相关性。结果表明,与消光系数有关的几种主要指标的灰关联度序为PM2.5NOXRHNO2O3,其中PM2.5与消光系数的灰关联系数达到0.905,远高于其他相关指标。同时对PM2.5和消光系数相关分析表明,监测期间天津市PM2.5质量消光系数为6.04m2/g。     

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Environmental Impact Assessment of Industrial Structure Change in a Rural Region of China

As the embodiment of human activities, the change of regional industrial structure is an essential driving factor of global environmental change. Consequently, the research on the change of regional industrial structure and associated effects on the environment is one of the key issues of researches on sustainable development, human–environment relationship, and regional response to global environment change. However, compared to the flourish of researches on environmental impact assessment of industrial departments, few studies have been conducted to assess the environmental impact of regional industrial structure. In this study, based on a synthetic analysis of environmental disturbances of different industrial departments, the environmental impact coefficient of industrial department associated with the index of environmental impact of industrial structure was constructed, so as to make a quantitative assessment of environmental impact of the change of regional industrial structure. And the results of the case study in Lijiang City, a rural region of China, have showed that there are two obvious changes of industrial structure in the study area from 1992 to 2003, associated with a continuous decreasing of the index of environmental impact of industrial structure, which indicated a positive environmental effects of the change of regional industrial structure.