工业固体废物容量总量控制的研究

针对工业固体废物如何进行容量总量控制的问题,在研究工业固体废物中有毒有害物质污染迁移转化规律的基础上,提出了相对工业固体废物中有毒有害物质进入大气、地表水体、地下水和在生物体内积累的相对容量总量控制概念,并探讨了城市或区域工业固体废物容量总量控制的确定方法     

基于风量-风压复合特征的通风系统阻变型故障诊断

为了避免风量单一特征进行故障位置诊断的不适定性,提出基于风量-风压复合特征的故障位置诊断方法,实现特征信息的多维互补,提高故障位置诊断的准确度。利用蒙特卡洛方法生成大致满足实际故障风阻值分布的故障仿真样本,为了避免不同变量之间不同量纲、不同数量级造成的数据损失,对原始风量、风压数据进行标准化处理,并分别以风量单一特征、风压单一特征、风量-风压复合特征作为支持向量机（SVM）的输入,构建通风系统阻变型故障位置诊断模型。通过故障模拟实验研究表明:风量、风压单一特征进行故障位置诊断的准确度分别为89.80%,90.34%,风量-风压复合特征进行故障位置诊断的准确度为98.23%,说明风量-风压复合特征进行故障诊断可以消除风量、风压单一特征进行故障诊断的不适定性,提高故障诊断的准确度。     

低温作用下煤体细观结构变化及相变致裂实验研究

为了研究低温作用下煤体细观结构演化规律,采用CT扫描不同冻结温度下干燥和饱水煤样细观结构图像,构建三维可视化裂隙模型,探究冻结煤体裂隙演化机理。研究结果表明:随着温度的降低,煤样内部产生的拉应力逐渐增大,加之,冰水相变产生冻胀力,导致煤样内部裂隙网格不断扩展演化;冰水相变产生的冻胀力是饱水煤样和干燥煤样裂隙演化具有差异性的原因,孔隙、裂隙水冰点随着孔隙、裂隙的半径减小而逐渐下降,从而导致壁厚较大的裂隙中水分先行冻结,随着温度的继续降低,壁厚较小的裂隙中水分才发生冻结。     

Wintertime Surface Heat Exchange for the Inner Mongolia Reach of the Yellow River

This study analyzed the wintertime surface heat exchange for the Inner Mongolia reach of the Yellow River, China, based on the data from the nearby weather station at Wulateqianqi. In this analysis, the solar radiation is based on the observed data. Other components of the surface heat flux, that is, long‐wave radiation, and evaporative and conductive heat fluxes, are calculated. The relative importance of the contributions of long‐wave radiation, conductive, and evaporative heat fluxes are in descending order. The air temperature is the most important meteorological factor to the total heat flux. Although the wind speed influences evaporative and conductive heat fluxes, it has the least correlation with the total heat budget. The heat exchange coefficient for the linearized surface heat exchange equation is 21.87 W/(m² °C), which is comparable with published values in the regions of United States and Canada with similar latitudes.     

胶结充填体水化放热规律及其影响研究

为了研究充填采矿法中胶结充填体的水化放热作用,现场实测充填体温度,并对充填体散热的影响及治理进行了研究。研究结果表明:充填采矿法的采掘作业面均依靠局扇供风,因此通风效果直接影响作业面热环境,充填作业完成后3 d内放热量达到最大,此时充填体周围采场气温达28℃以上,应依据降温风速（0.5~1.0 m/s）的要求重新计算需风量;运用Ventsim预测采深为1 456 m时在3种风速下的采场热环境,当独头风量为3 m3/s时属于一级热害矿井,当风量增至6 m3/s和9 m3/s时热害降至一级标准以下,热环境明显改善,且入风为21.4℃、风量为6 m3/s时采场气温会降至27.2℃,因此加大采场有效风量和风速是改善深部热环境的有效措施;充填水化热与采场气温呈正相关,因此应合理安排作业计划,避免在放热量大的充填体周围作业,如需作业应加强通风,人员上岗应进行职业健康检查,合理安排岗位并及时发放降暑饮品,以免出现紧急情况或危险。     

Application of a new type of moving bio-film in aerobic sequencing batch reactor (aerobic-SBR)

A moving bio-film (MB), made from the inner tube of used tyres was applied in a conventional-aerobic-SBR for increasing the system efficiency and quality of bio-sludge due to good sedimentation (the density of 1.925+/-0.21 g/cm(3)), non-biodegradability and re-usability of the media without any regeneration. The total bio-sludge mass of the MB-aerobic-SBR was about 30% higher than that of the conventional-aerobic-SBR resulting in a reduction of the F/M value of the system and amount of suspended bio-sludge waste. The amount of suspended bio-sludge waste, SVI and SRT of the MB-aerobic-SBR under a low organic loading of 80+/-9.3g BOD(5)/m(3)-d were 1,485+/-146 mg/d, 51+/-3.7 ml/g and 10.1+/-5.1 days, respectively while they were 1,800+/-152 mg/d, 69+/-4.0 ml/g and 8.3+/-5.3 days, respectively in the conventional-aerobic-SBR. The BOD(5), TKN and TP removal efficiencies of the MB-aerobic-SBR were about 1-2, 2-3 and 10-12% higher, respectively, than that of the conventional-aerobic-SBR. Also, the BOD(5) and COD removal efficiencies of the MB-aerobic-SBR were higher than 95% even when the system was operated with synthetic wastewater containing 800 mg/l BOD(5) under a very low HRT of 1.5 days (organic loading of 528+/-50.8 g BOD(5)/m(3)-d). The effluent BOD(5), COD, total kjeldahl nitrogen, total phosphorus and suspended solids of the MB-aerobic-SBR under a high organic loading of 528+/-50.8 g BOD(5)/m(3)-d were 45+/-5.1, 37+/-3.6, 4.1+/-1.0, 1.5+/-0.80 and 41+/-2mg/l, respectively.     

δ-MnO2的制备及其对水中Cd2+的吸附

利用溶液中MnSO4与KMnO4之间的氧化还原反应制备了δ-MnO2。用透射电镜和BET法对δ-MnO2进行了表征。实验结果表明：δ-MnO2比表面积为324.58m^2/g,孔体积为0.39cm^3/g,孔径为4.82nm。对Cd2＋的吸附实验结果表明：δ-MnO2对Cd2＋具有很强的吸附能力,吸附作用强烈依赖体系的pH,吸附边界pH为2.50;pH为6.05时Cd2＋的吸附率为98.5%。宏观的吸附-解吸热力学实验证明：当pH为3.30时,为可逆吸附;当pH为6.05时,吸附过程存在固体浓度效应,为不可逆吸附。吸附过程主要为一价阳离子的交换吸附。     

玉龙雪山冰川公园的旅游资源特色及其保护

本文总结了云南省玉龙雪山以现代冰川和古冰川遗迹为主的旅游资源特色,探讨了现代冰川和古冰川遗迹的旅游观赏价值,并结合全球气候变化的趋势,提出了保护冰雪旅游资源和建立国家冰川公园的建议     

DX—100型离子色谱仪用于冰雪样品中阴,阳离子的测定

本文介绍了ＤＸ－１００型离子色谱仪用于冰雪样品中阴,阳离子的测定,以东北五大连池地区白龙洞和水晶宫为例,介绍了阴,阳离子测定在分析化学物质来源和成冰过程中的重要作用。     

Linking NE1545 gene expression with cell volume changes in Nitrosomonas europaea cells exposed to aromatic hydrocarbons

Nitrosomonas europaea, a model ammonia oxidizing bacterium, was exposed to a wide variety of aromatic hydrocarbons in 3 h batch assays. The expression of NE1545, a phenol sentinel gene involved in fatty acid metabolism, was monitored via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and a Coulter Counter technique was used to monitor changes in cell volume. Decreases in cell volume and NE1545 gene expression correlated strongly with exposure to aromatic hydrocarbons that possessed a single polar group substitution (e.g. phenol and aniline). Aromatic hydrocarbons that contain no polar group substitutions (e.g. toluene) or multiple polar group substitutions (e.g. p-hydroquinone) caused negligible changes in NE1545 expression and cell volume. The oxidation of aromatic hydrocarbons by N. europaea from configurations without a single polar group to one with two polar groups (e.g. p-cresol oxidized to 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol) and from configurations with no polar groups to one with a single polar group (e.g. ethylbenzene oxidized to 4-ethylphenol) greatly influenced NE1545 gene expression and observed changes in cell volume. Nitrification inhibition in N. europaea by the aromatic hydrocarbons was found to be completely reversible; however, the decreases in cell volume were not reversible suggesting a physical change in cell membrane composition. Ammonia monooxygenase blocking studies showed that the chemical exposure that was responsible for the cell volume decrease and up-regulation in gene expression and not the observed inhibition. N. europaea is the first bacterium shown to experience significant changes in cell volume when exposed to μM concentrations of aromatic hydrocarbons, three orders of magnitude lower than previous studies with other bacteria.