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101.
Nyberg Lars Lundström Ulla Söderberg Ulf Danielsson Rolf van Hees Patrick 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2001,1(1-2):241-263
In 1994, a large survey of soil chemistry was undertaken in thecounty of Värmland in central Sweden (Lundström et al., 1998).The southern part of the county was affected by soilacidification whereas there were no such indications in thenorthern part. To investigate the influence of soil chemistryon the trees at the specific sites, the survey was continued byan analysis of needle chemistry (Norway spruce) which wasundertaken at 150 of the 180 sites, and of tree growth at 65 ofthe 180 sites. Growth was expressed as a ratio between expectedgrowth, estimated with a national, empirical growth model, andthe growth observed in the field. In statistical analyses,using rank correlation, PCA and PLS, there were only weakindications of an influence of soil chemistry on needlechemistry and on tree growth. A moderate correlation betweennitrogen and sulphur in needles was found, which wasinterpreted as an effect of deposition and of processes in thetree canopy. No obvious regional pattern of the growth ratiowas found, in contrast to the clear pattern of soilacidification. The statistical analysis could not with anycertainty point out any of the soil chemistry variables asespecially important for the tree growth ratio. 相似文献
102.
Radiation fog is an important modifier of atmosphericcompounds in the planetary boundary layer. In vegetated areas effects are especially pronounced due to the enlarged surface area. Besides affectingthe lower boundary of atmospheric models fog acts as amulti-phase reaction chamber leading to acid deposition. Here we present the 1-dimensional radiation fog modelCHEMIFOG_V to simulate regional radiation fogevents. The key feature of the fog model is thedetailed microphysics, where the aerosol/dropletspectrum is describedwith a joint 2-dimensional distribution, but also thedynamics, thermodynamics, and radiative transfer are calculated. Toinvestigate the interaction between fog and the biosphere amulti-layer vegetation module, including a soil module as well as a drydeposition module were coupled. Vegetation influences thedynamics, thermodynamics, and the radiation field of the lowestatmospheric layers. With CHEMIFOG_V, numerical case studieson dry and moist deposition processes on vegetation surfaces wereperformed. Hereby multi-phase chemistry and the processing of aerosolswere considered. The results show that the chemical composition of thedeposited fog droplets is mainly determined by the aerosol composition. Dry deposition fluxes are dependent on the incoming radiation and the leaves' surface conditions with respect to water coverage.Due to chemical aerosol processing and deposition, the aerosol spectrumis significantly modified in the planetary boundary layer. 相似文献
103.
E. Martínez J. Albaladejo A. Notario E. Jimnez 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2000,34(29-30)
The atmospheric reaction of the methylthiyl radical (CH3S) with O3 was investigated as a function of temperature (259–381 K), in the pressure range of 25–300 Torr, using the technique of laser photolysis/laser-induced fluorescence. The resulting Arrhenius expression, with an uncertainty of ±2σ, was k1(T=259–381 K)=(1.02±0.30)×10−12 exp[(432±77) K/T] cm3 molecule−1 s−1. The obtained rate constant k1 was independent of pressure over the limited range employed. Our results are compared with the previous studies carried out, at single temperature and as a function of temperature, by different techniques. 相似文献
104.
湖北丹江口水库主要离子化学季节变化及离子来源分析 总被引:4,自引:7,他引:4
2004~2006年对丹江口水库中的5个点位水质的 t 、pH、EC、TDS、ORP、SO2-4、Cl-、NO-3、HCO-3、Ca2+、Mg2+、Na+、K+和Si进行了测定.综合运用方差分析及主成分分析对它们的季节变化及其来源进行了研究.结果表明,丹江口库区水体呈弱碱性,属于弱矿化度水,水质类型为HCO-3-Ca型水.主要阴、阳离子浓度范围为:Cl-,(4.0±0.5~6.9±1.8)mg·L-1;NO-3,(4.6±0.9~6.8±1.7)mg·L-1;SO2-4,(24.3±2.7~35.4±6.9) mg·L-1;HCO-3,(133.0±11.7~153.5±29.6)mg·L-1;Na+,(2.0±0.3~5.3±1.0)mg·L-1;K+,(0.7±0.09~1.6±0.7) mg·L-1;Ca2+,(33.0±2.1~46.6±0.8)mg·L-1;Mg2+,(8.0±2.5~10.5±3.2)mg·L-1.方差分析显示除HCO-3和Si外,t、pH、EC、TDS、ORP、SO2-4、Cl-、NO-3、Na+、K+、Ca2+、Mg2+都表现出了显著的季节性差异,主要离子化学汛期浓度均小于对应的非汛期浓度.Na+和Mg2+的浓度只表现出秋汛<秋季,NO-3和SO2-4浓度却呈现出秋汛>秋季,这主要归因于降雨的大气沉降对水化学的贡献不同.HCO-3占主要阴离子的75%~88%,Ca2+和碱土金属分别占主要阳离子的60%~80%和87%~96%,表明碳酸盐岩风化是水体质子的主要来源及主要化学风化类型.参照我国及世界卫生组织饮用水标准,主要离子的浓度并未对人体产生危害. 相似文献
105.
中国中东部地区地表水环境锶元素地球化学特征研究 总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1
水环境中锶的含量及其变化、地理分布及其控制因素等特征的研究有助于认识区域水文地球化学特征及流域盆地岩石风化速率等地球化学行为,因此河流环境中锶的地球化学行为是地球化学研究的重要课题之一。对我国中东部地区部分河流水体中溶解态锶含量进行了分析研究发现,与世界上主要河流溶解态锶含量平均值0.078 mg/L相比,中国中东部地区河水中的锶含量(0.139 mg/L)明显偏高。分析研究表明,中国中东部地区河水中的锶主要源于蒸发盐岩和碳酸盐岩的风化作用,流域锶含量从南向北逐渐增加的现象主要受流域岩石或沉积物类型的控制,化学风化作用越强烈,河流锶含量越高。除了受区域岩性的影响外,气候条件对流域河水中的锶含量水平及地理分布起到一定的控制作用。 相似文献
106.
107.
XIE Jian-jun YANG Xue-min ZHANG Lei DING Tong-li SONG Wen-li LIN Wei-gang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2007,19(1):109-116
This paper presents the experimental investigations of the emissions of SO2, NO and N2O in a bench scale circulating fluidized bed combustor for coal combustion and co-firing coal and biomass. The thermal capacity of the combustor is 30 kW. The setup is electrically heated during startup. The influence of the excess air, the degree of the air staging, the biomass share and the feeding position of the fuels on the emissions of SO2, NO and N2O were studied. The results showed that an increase in the biomass shares resulted in an increase of the CO concentration in the flue gas, probably due to the high volatile content of the biomass. In co-firing, the emission of SO2 increased with increasing biomass share slightly, however, non-linear increase relationship between SO2 emission and fuel sulfur content was observed. Air staging significantly decreased the NO emission without raising the SO2 level. Although the change of the fuel feeding position from riser to downer resulted in a decrease in the NO emission level, no obvious change was observed for the SO2 level. Taking the coal feeding position R as a reference, the relative NO emission could significantly decrease during co-firing coal and biomass when feeding fuel at position D and keeping the first stage stoichiometry greater than 0.95. The possible mechanisms of the sulfur and nitrogen chemistry at these conditions were discussed and the ways of simultaneous reduction of SO2, NO and N2O were proposed. 相似文献
108.
109.
110.
为探明河套灌区地下水硝酸盐污染现状、时空演变特征和主要影响因素,选择乌拉特灌域为研究区,采用统计分析、 Piper三线图、相关分析和离子比值等方法,探究了该地区地下水硝酸盐质量浓度时空变化格局和主要驱动因素.结果表明,乌拉特灌域地下水氮素主要以NO-3-N为主,ρ(NO-3-N)存在极高值(60.00 mg·L-1),超标率达10.50%;时间分布:8月地下水ρ(NO-3-N)最高(平均值为6.61 mg·L-1), 10月(6.22 mg·L-1)和11月(6.25 mg·L-1)次之,3月(平均值为1.77 mg·L-1)最小,土壤中NO-3-N在降雨和灌溉驱动作用影响下,下渗至地下水,呈现出丰水期和灌溉集中期高于其它时期的特征;空间分布:灌域西南部(8.87 mg·L-1)&g... 相似文献