2016~2018年中国城市臭氧浓度时空聚集变化规律

为揭示中国O₃浓度的时空格局及聚集变化规律,通过对2016~2018年全国338个城市1144个监测站点的O₃浓度观测数据,使用空间插值及空间自相关等方法进行分析研究.结果表明：2016~2018年全国O₃浓度（第90百分位数）总体呈现上升趋势（由2016年的141.54μg/m³上升到2018年的153.21μg/m³）,污染态势逐年加重,且华北及长江中下游等人口稠密地区O₃浓度最高,O₃浓度的空间分布呈现显著的聚集性和相似性规律,且聚集性逐年增强,O₃浓度的年聚集区主要呈现北高南低的分异,高高值聚集区主要集中在北方（城市占比22.19%~29.59%）,低低值聚集区则主要集中在南方（城市占比15.98%~22.19%）,此外,O₃浓度高高值聚集区与低低值聚集区空间分布的季节变化规律以顺时针周期性变化为主：3a来,春季集聚区分布与年集聚情况相同,夏季高高值,低低值聚集区逐渐向西扩大聚集范围,秋季则顺时针转变为东高西低的分异情况,随后高高值（低低值）聚集区沿顺时针方向南（北）移动,到冬季则转变为南高北低的空间分异情况.     

边境贫困县建设用地变化特征与驱动因素——以广西龙州为例

边境贫困县的土地利用、城镇发展与脱贫攻坚事关边境稳定和可持续发展大局。论文选取广西壮族自治区的龙州县为案例研究区域,以2011年和2016年高分影像作为主要数据源,结合社会经济数据,探讨该县近年建设用地时空变化特征及驱动因素。研究结果表明：1）龙州县主要建设用地的增幅达10.08%,其中城镇用地、农村宅基地、独立工矿用地、交通设施用地和旅游设施用地的增量分别占建设用地增量的37.74%、25.48%、20.96%、15.49%和0.33%;2）县城涉及的龙州镇、上龙乡建设用地增加较快,边境口岸城镇的建设用地增速也较快;3）从建设用地扩展模式来看,县城龙州镇为填充式扩张,其他乡镇为边缘式扩张;4）城镇发展提速、农民新房建设、工业园区建设、交通设施建设是建设用地扩张的直接驱动因素,近年来精准扶贫战略的深化落实、边境贸易活动的不断增多,是重要的政策驱动力。研究建议：深化落实贫困县建设用地倾斜政策,针对贫困县的建设用地,在省市层面要明确总量、增加流量,在县域层面要用好增量、优化布局、提高效率,切实助力脱贫攻坚和乡村振兴。     

超长工作面CO2相变致裂分区增透高效抽采技术试验研究

针对超长工作面抽采时间不均衡导致抽采达标时间长的问题,提出了工作面分区增透高效抽采技术,运用分组试验和理论分析的方法,研究了不同布孔工艺参数条件下CO₂相变致裂对低透煤层瓦斯抽采的增透作用规律,并在试验工作面进行了工业应用。研究结果表明:CO₂相变致裂技术对低透煤层增透促抽效果良好,与未致裂抽采相比,采用间距20,10,5 m致裂孔致裂条件下进行抽采时煤层透气性系数分别提高1.8,2.6,5.8倍,平均抽采体积分数分别提高1.9,3.5,4.2倍,平均抽采纯量分别提高2.4,4.2,6.2倍。试验工作面应用分区增透高效抽采技术后,整个工作面形成后仅需抽采87 d即可达标进行回采,显著缩短了抽采周期,对高瓦斯低透煤层缓解采掘接替紧张及提高瓦斯抽采效率具有重要借鉴意义。     

重庆市渝中区臭氧时空变化规律因素分析研究

臭氧是城市光化学烟雾的主要成分,同时也是重要的温室气体,因此臭氧污染已经成为城市空气质量的重要因素.对重庆市渝中区2015年3个空气质量自动监测点臭氧浓度进行比较,并分析了臭氧与环境、日照、气温、挥发性有机物、NO2、PM10、PM2.5的相关性.结果表明:臭氧浓度与监测点周围环境有关;臭氧浓度呈典型的季节变化趋势,与日照、气温呈明显的正相关;臭氧浓度小时值变化出现明显的日变化规律;臭氧浓度与挥发性有机物呈正相关,与NO2、PM10、PM2.5有较好的负相关性.     

基于地域性的三种污泥干化工艺的经济性比较

随着城市污水排放量的增多和成分的复杂化,污泥处理已成为污水处理厂面临的最大难题。脱水污泥含水率高,不利于后续的处理与再利用。污泥热干化可将污泥含水率降至10%~40%,但该过程耗能大,会大幅增加污泥处理成本,不利于污泥处理技术的推广应用。以拉萨、上海、重庆为例,分别对带式干化、热泵-太阳能干化、热泵-太阳能-蓄热干化3种污泥干化工艺的经济性进行分析,阐明了不同干化方式的适用特点,为相变蓄热技术在污泥干化中的推广应用提供了技术参考。     

沂沭河流域7 470~2 550 a BP气候变化的元素地球化学记录

地球化学元素比值的变化不仅可以指示气候变化和环境特征,也可以揭示气候异常和突变性气候事件。本文通过对沂沭河流域沭埠岭剖面沉积物淋溶系数、残积系数、CaO/MgO、硅铝率、硅铝铁率等气候代用指标的分析,发现研究区7 470~2550 a BP期间的气候变化经历了五个阶段:(1)7 472~6 043 a BP,气候趋向温暖湿润;(2)6 043~4 801 a BP,稳定的暖湿时期;(3)4 801~3 986 a BP,气候向冷干转变;(4)3 986~3 512 a BP,不稳定时期;(5)3 512~2 552 a BP,气候不稳定的波动时期。     

石羊河流域降水化学特征时空变化及来源浅析

运用相关分析、因子分析、富集因子和HYSPLIT模型对石羊河流域从2013年7月到2014年7月连续收集降水样品的主要离子浓度特征及来源进行了探讨分析,结果表明,Ca~(2+)和Na~+是主要的阳离子,SO_4~(2-)和NO_3~-是主要的阴离子,石羊河流域的主要降水类型为SO_4~(2-)-NO_3~--Ca~(2+);石羊河流域的总离子浓度的季节大小变化顺序为冬季春季秋季夏季,石羊河流域的降水水化学主要受地壳源和人为源的影响;石羊河流域的降水类型分为季风降水、西风降水和混合降水,而混合降水是石羊河流域的主要降水类型,其次为西风降水,最后为季风降水。     

An empirical research on the determinants of Chinese college students’ carbon label cognition and interpersonal communication willingness

Carbon labels are innovative medium and tools for climate change communication and low-carbon marketing. This study aims at examining how college students are aware of low-carbon and carbon labels, whether they are more willing to communicate low-carbon ideas, and also the determinants affecting their interpersonal communication of carbon labels. The multiple regression analysis shows that Chinese college students’ willingness of interpersonal communication of carbon labels are significantly influenced by their awareness of climate change crisis, the perceived value of carbon labels, the consideration of product environmental attributes, the preferences of carbon labels, the household background, and their educational background. In response to these factors, this paper proposes, in a public perspective, the strategies to enhance the dissemination of carbon labels.     

Living at the Edge: Local versus Positional Factors in the Long‐Term Population Dynamics of an Endangered Orchid

Abstract: Populations at the margin of geographic ranges of distribution have been considered more vulnerable than central ones, but recent reviews have caste doubt on this generalization. We examined the reproductive and demographic performance of a rare Euroasiatic orchid (Cypripedium calceolus) at its southwesterly range limit and compared our findings with those of previous studies of nine central populations at the center of the orchid's range. We sought to test the central‐marginal model and to evaluate factors involved in long‐term performance of forest Eurosiberian species with peripheral populations in southern European mountains. We characterized (structure, temporal fluctuations, herbivory, reproductive success, and recruitment at different habitats) four Pyrenean populations of C. calceolus of different sizes (5–3500 ramets) and monitored three of them for up to 13 years. Two quantitative stochastic models (count data and matrix models) were used to assess population trends and viability and the effect of herbivory. Contrary to expectations, and despite the negative effect of sporadic events of herbivory, the peripheral populations we studied (except the smallest one) performed similarly or better than populations occurring in central part of the species’ range in terms of reproductive success and population growth rates. Landscape changes over the last 50 years suggest that natural reforestation could be involved in the success of this plant at its southern limit. Forest expansion in the mountain regions of southern Europe may provide new opportunities for plants with geographic distributions centered mainly at higher latitudes and give some hope for their recovery in future scenarios dominated by biodiversity loss.     

Assessing impacts on urban greenspace,waterways, and vegetation in urban planning

Parks, waterways, and vegetation enhance the well-being of urbanites and thus warrant consideration in planning and policy-making. It is, however, difficult to assess how land-use change may impact these features and how this in turn may impact well-being. I use a case-study approach to present a framework that combines geospatial and economic valuation techniques to generate indicators of the effects of land-use policies that alter these amenities on community well-being. This framework quantifies the impacts of land-use change on urban environmental amenities in a way that could help communities plan land use so as to maintain well-being as they urbanise.