不同基质浓度下SBR进水方式对厌氧氨氧化的影响

采用厌氧SBR反应器,分别以配水培养和以实际晚期垃圾渗滤液培养的厌氧氨氧化菌为研究对象,考察了不同基质浓度下,SBR改进式连续进水方式与一次性进水方式对厌氧氨氧化工艺运行性能的影响.结果表明,当处理人工配水时,在中低进水浓度下(NO2--N￡400mg/L),与改进式连续进水方式相比,宜采用一次性进水方式运行;在高进水浓度下(NO2--N3400mg/L)改进式连续进水方式比一次性进水方式优势明显,特别是在5h改进式连续进水方式下,平均比污泥脱氮速率增加至39.11mgN/(gVSS·h),相比一次进水方式效率提高40%.当处理进水NO2--N浓度为(300±20)mg/L的实际晚期垃圾渗滤液时, 5h改进式连续进水的SBR比污泥脱氮速率最高.由于晚期渗滤液较配水成分复杂,使得厌氧氨氧化菌面临有机物和有害物质的影响,其厌氧氨氧化的反应速率低于同等基质浓度配水条件下的厌氧氨氧化反应速率.     

Dissimilatory Fe(III) reduction characteristics of paddy soil extract cultures treated with glucose or fatty acids

Dissimilatory Fe(Ⅲ) reduction is a universal process with irreplaceable biological and environmental importance in anoxic environments. Our knowledge about Fe(Ⅲ) reduction predominantly comes from pure cultures of dissimilatory Fe(Ⅲ) reducing bacteria (DFRB). The objective of this study was to compare the effects of glucose and a selection of short organic acids (citrate, succinate, pyruvate, propionate, acetate, and formate) on Fe(Ⅲ) reduction via the anaerobic culture of three paddy soil solutions with Fe(OH)3 as the sole electron acceptor. The results showed significant differences in Fe(Ⅲ) reduction among the three paddy soil solutions and suhstrate types. Bacteria from the Sichuan paddy soil responded quickly to substrate supply and showed higher Fe(Ⅲ) reducing activity than the other two soil types. Bacteria in the Jiangxi paddy soil culture solution could not use propionate as a source of electrons for Fe(Ⅲ) reduction. Similarly, bacteria in the Jilin paddy soil culture could not use succinate effectively. Pyruvate was readily used by cultures from all three paddy soil solutions, thus indicating that there were some similarities in substrate utilization by bacteria for Fe(Ⅲ) reduction. The use of glucose and citrate as substrate for dissimilatory Fe(Ⅲ) reduction indicates important ecological implications for this type of anoxic respiration.     

复合菌种协同发酵酒糟生产饲料蛋白研究

以笔者选育的８５０３和８５０５复合菌种为试验菌,以白酒糟为原料,经最适试验,确定最优条件为：培养温度３０．０℃,初始ＰＨ５．５,（ＮＨ４）２ＳＯ４添加量为５ｍｇ／ｍｌ,投料量１０％,接种量５－１０％,发酵期限５ｄ,在最适条件试验的基础上,进行了５Ｌ发酵罐试验,发酵产物粗蛋白质含量由２３．７５％提高到３５．７５％,提高了１１．００％,其中真蛋白质提高１０．３４％,粗纤维降低了２．０５％,氨基酸总量由     

Glucose production from hydrolysis of cellulose over a novel silica catalyst under hydrothermal conditions

A novel silica catalyst was synthesized by evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA) method and tested for the catalytic selective hydrolysis of cellulose to glucose. This silica catalyst exhibited a higher catalytic activity than other oxides prepared by the same method, such as ZrO₂, TiO₂, and Al₂O₃. Using silica as a catalyst, cellulose was selectively hydrolyzed into glucose with a glucose yield as high as 50% under hydrothermal conditions without hydrogen gas. The silica catalyst was characterized by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results of temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia (NH₃-TPD) and textural properties indicated that the synergistic effect between strong acidity and a suitable pore diameter of the silica catalyst may be responsible for its high activity. In addition, the catalyst was recyclable and showed excellent stability during the recycle catalytic runs.     

多段进水A/O生物膜工艺运行性能的研究

为提高多段进水A/O生物膜工艺的脱氮效率,按照进入各缺氧池的COD量与硝态氮量的比值相同,且等于一最优比值的原则进行流量分配,按照容积负荷相等的原则设计各反应单元,对多段进水A/O生物膜工艺的流量分配和反应单元容积分配同时进行优化,并采用三段进水A/O生物膜反应器试验了等流量分配模式下运行和优化模式下运行的出水水质的差异.试验结果表明,当多段进水A/O生物膜工艺在两种模式下采用相同参数运行时,优化模式下总氮(TN)去除率明显高于等流量模式,其分别为88.8%和80.3%.优化模式与等流量分配模式对COD和总凯氏氮的去除率差别不大(均可达到97%和98%以上).采用该优化设计方法可以显著提高该工艺的TN去除效率.     

Effect of sulfate on the methanogenic activity of a bacterial culture from a brewery wastewater during glucose degradation

The maximum specific methanogenic activity （SMA） of a sludge originating from a brewery wastewater treatment plant on the degradation of glucose was investigated at various levels of sulfate on a specific loading basis. Batch experiments were conducted in serum bottles at pH 7 and 35℃. A comparison of the values indicates that the SMA of this mixed culture was increased and reached its highest level of 0.128 g CH4 gas COD/（g VSS.d） when biomass was in contact with sulfate at a ratio of 1：0.114 by weight.     

响应面法优化黄粉虫幼虫处理餐厨垃圾饲养条件的研究

研究了黄粉虫幼虫处理餐厨垃圾的方法。首先在饲养温度、饲料含水量和饲养密度等条件下进行单因素实验,然后,以利用率为指标,运用响应面法优化了黄粉虫幼虫处理餐厨垃圾的饲养条件,结果表明,最佳饲养条件为饲养温度26.7℃、饲料含水量14.5%、饲养密度4.1头/cm2。在此饲养条件下,黄粉虫对餐厨垃圾利用率理论值为38.72%,实际餐厨垃圾利用率为38.88%,相对误差为0.41%,说明利用黄粉虫幼虫处理餐厨垃圾具有较好的效果。     

AAOA-MBR工艺污水脱氮特性及脱氮机制

为了提高污水脱氮效果,在传统A2O工艺的基础上,增加后置缺氧段并与膜生物反应器相结合,构建了AAOA-MBR污水处理中试装置,进行了中试实验。实验结果表明,在进水COD浓度为100.00~280.00 mg/L、TN浓度为18.32~31.86 mg/L、NH4+-N浓度为12.78~24.44 mg/L时,COD、TN和NH4+-N的平均去除率分别达到了90.0%、72.1%和99.0%,出水水质达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918-2002)中的一级A标准;通过多点进水优化了内源配置,节约了碳源,强化了脱氮效果;采用膜池回流供氧,可在节能的同时保证缺氧池1的缺氧环境,提高了反硝化效果。本文的研究成果为实际污水处理工程市场提供了一套高效脱氮的新工艺。     

投加方式和通风速率对脱水污泥堆肥效果的影响

为了在降低能耗的前提下获得更高的污泥堆肥效率和提高堆肥产品质量,利用梨形筒式好氧堆肥反应器,设置2种物料投加方式和3种通风速率,研究堆肥过程中温度、含水率、总氮以及发芽指数（GI）的变化特性。结果表明,与间歇式堆肥相比,连续式堆肥可以显著提高堆体温度和堆体腐熟度,降低堆体含水率及缩短腐熟期,但氮素损失也显著增大（P-1的连续式堆肥,堆体维持高温时间最长,且最终温度稳定在较高温度47～48 ℃,堆末含水率最低,氮素损失处于三者的中间水平,腐熟期最短。综合分析,在通风速率为1.95 L·min-1的连续运行方式下,梨形筒式反应器用于污泥稳定高效堆肥是可行的。     

Attraction,deterrence or intoxication of bees (Apis mellifera) by plant allelochemicals

The influence of 63 dietary allelochemicals (alkaloids, terpenes, glycosides,etc.) on the feeding behaviour of bees (Apis mellifera) was tested in terms of deterrency and attraction. For 39 compounds a deterrent (mostly alkaloids, coumarins and saponins) and for 3 compounds an attractive response (mostly terpenes) was obtained in choice tests, which allowed the calculation of respective ED₅₀-values. Under no-choice conditions, 17 out of 29 allelochemicals caused mortality at concentrations between 0.003 and 0.6%. Especially toxic were alkaloids, saponins, cardiac glycosides and cyanogenic glycosides. These data show that bees which are confronted with plant allelochemicals in nectar and pollen, are not especially adapted (i.e. insensitive) to the plants' defence chemistry. GLC and GLS-MS data are given on the alkaloid composition of nectar and pollen ofBrugmansia aurea, Atropa belladonna andLupinus polyphyllus.