Local Area Quotas for Industrial Emissions along Reaches of the Pearl River in Guangdong

There is an obvious departure from the regional equilibrium of developments between the upper and lower reaches of the Pearl River in Guangdong, which resulted in ＂the effects of contra-geography-grads development＂. It is mainly because the upriver mountainous areas have been deeply stuck in industrialization delay and marginalization plights, so that nearly 40 million local people have conceived a dream to get rid of ＂the vicious circle of poverty＂ by speeding up industrial development. But the problem is that such industrialization efforts on a large scale in mountainous areas are encountering the bottleneck of environmental capacity that strictly limits industrial emissions along the upper reaches of any water system. As a solution, an institutional arrangement called ＂the Local Area Quotas for Industrial Emissions along the Pearl River＂ is put forward supposed to give corresponding compensation to the rights of industrial development yielded by some areas with lower environmental capacity through the distribution and trading of IDQs.     

汞(Ⅱ)和砷(Ⅲ)在草炭土胡敏酸上的吸附

为研究汞和砷在胡敏酸上的吸附特性,从辽宁彰武采集了草炭土并用稀碱法提取胡敏酸。研究胡敏酸对Hg（Ⅱ）和As（Ⅲ）吸附作用,探讨温度（15、25、35、45℃）、pH（3,5,7,9）和离子强度（Ca2+,H2PO4-）对该吸附的影响,并计算吸附活化能。结果表明：温度与胡敏酸对Hg（Ⅱ）的吸附呈显著正相关,而对胡敏酸吸附As（Ⅲ）的影响较小;pH对胡敏酸吸附Hg（Ⅱ）也呈正相关,而胡敏酸对As（Ⅲ）的吸附以中性最好,酸性、碱性下吸附量均降低;Ca2+对Hg（Ⅱ）的吸附有明显的抑制作用,H2PO4-对As（Ⅲ）的吸附影响很小。对等温吸附实验结果拟合证明,胡敏酸对Hg（Ⅱ）和As（Ⅲ）等温吸附更符合Freundlich模型。对动力学吸附实验结果拟合证明,准二级动力学方程能很好地描述胡敏酸对Hg（Ⅱ）和As（Ⅲ）的吸附。Hg和As（Ⅲ）在胡敏酸的吸附活化能分别为23.06 kJ·mol-1和2.65 kJ·mol-1,表明Hg（Ⅱ）在胡敏酸上的吸附以化学吸附为主,As（Ⅲ）在胡敏酸上的吸附以物理吸附为主。     

江西食物生产波动特征与效率研究

食物波动与效率是食物安全的重要研究内容。1993~2003年江西省平均食物生产全要素相对生产率为0.974,其规模效益基本上呈现常数规模效益与规模效益递增交替波动现象。灰色关联分析表明,粮食产量、油料产量、肉类产量、糖料产量等与食物总量具有显著关联性,其灰色关联序为：粮食产量＞油料产量＞肉类产量＞糖料产量＞禽蛋产量＞水果产量＞牛奶产量,所以要保证食物总量安全,必须首先保障粮食、油料、肉类等的生产。     

应对河南省特大洪涝灾害救援药品保障目录的研究与实践

为提高中国救援队救援任务中的药品保障效率,建立洪涝灾害救援药品保障目录.查阅洪涝灾害医学及救援相关文献270余篇,统计分析洪涝灾害疾病谱及发生率.根据不同疾病类型的发生比例,采用决策分析法,确定洪涝灾害救援药品保障目录,搭建国内药品紧急响应平台.研究结果为:消化系统疾病、呼吸系统疾病及皮肤科疾病占据疾病谱前三位.参照疾...     

基于密度泛函理论模拟单壁碳纳米管对五种核酸碱基的吸附

基于密度泛函理论,模拟了单壁碳纳米管(SWNTs)对5种碱基的吸附作用.考察了SWNTs直径、电荷转移量、碱基最高占据分子轨道能(EHOMO)和最低未占据分子轨道能(ELUMO)与SWNTs吸附碱基的吸附能之间的关系.结果表明,随着SWNTs直径的增大,SWNTs吸附碱基的吸附能降低.SWNT(6,6)吸附5种碱基的最低吸附能Emin与由碱基转移到SWNTs的电荷转移量(Q)及碱基的EHOMO线性负相关,相关系数分别为-0.966和-0.804(P<0.05).吸附后SWNTs与碱基的前线轨道无重叠,且SWNTs电子结构未受影响,表明吸附行为属于物理吸附.     

GIS在城市给水排水中的应用

阐述了GIS在城市给水排水领域的应用和发展趋势，包括水资源管理与分析、给水排水管网设计与管理、城市污水处理厂设计与管理、管网应急预警系统分析、水质污染状况和趋势分析等，并以大庆市给水排水管网信息管理系统实例，证明GIS可以及时准确完整的提供所需信息，更好的为市政管理者辅助决策提供依据。     

Potassium carbonate-based ternary transition temperature mixture (deep eutectic analogues) for CO2 absorption: Characterizations and DFT analysis

•Addition of hindered amine increased thermal stability and viscosity of TTTM. •Addition of hindered amine improved the CO₂ absorption performance of TTTM. •Good the CO₂ absorption of recycled solvents after two regenerations. •Important role of amine group in CO₂ absorption of TTTM confirmed by DFT analysis. Is it possible to improve CO₂ solubility in potassium carbonate (K₂CO₃)-based transition temperature mixtures (TTMs)? To assess this possibility, a ternary transition-temperature mixture (TTTM) was prepared by using a hindered amine, 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol (AMPD). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was employed to detect the functional groups including hydroxyl, amine, carbonate ion, and aliphatic functional groups in the prepared solvents. From thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), it was found that the addition of AMPD to the binary mixture can increase the thermal stability of TTTM. The viscosity findings showed that TTTM has a higher viscosity than TTM while their difference was decreased by increasing temperature. In addition, Eyring’s absolute rate theory was used to compute the activation parameters (ΔG*, ΔH*, and ΔS*). The CO₂ solubility in liquids was measured at a temperature of 303.15 K and pressures up to 1.8 MPa. The results disclosed that the CO₂ solubility of TTTM was improved by the addition of AMPD. At the pressure of about 1.8 MPa, the CO₂ mole fractions of TTM and TTTM were 0.1697 and 0.2022, respectively. To confirm the experimental data, density functional theory (DFT) was employed. From the DFT analysis, it was found that the TTTM+ CO₂ system has higher interaction energy (|ΔE |) than the TTM+ CO₂ system indicating the higher CO₂ affinity of the former system. This study might help scientists to better understand and to improve CO₂ solubility in these types of solvents by choosing a suitable amine as HBD and finding the best combination of HBA and HBD.     

低浓度TCC/TCS对废水生化处理系统的影响效应

针对TCC/TCS广泛应用于洗涤化妆用品行业,同时带来对废水生化处理系统的毒性问题,采用混凝—厌氧—好氧处理工艺,研究TCC/TCS对生化处理系统的影响效应,并探讨系统的调控反馈机制,对于这类废水的处理工艺设计、工艺调控具有较高的参考价值。     

天津工业区春夏季VOCs污染特征及精细化来源解析

2021年3—8月,采用热脱附气相色谱质谱法对天津工业区环境空气中109种挥发性有机物（VOCs）进行离线监测,研究了VOCs组成特征、臭氧生成潜势（OFP）及来源,并对工业源进行精细化分析。结果表明：观测期间VOCs浓度为（46.6±19.7）~（136.8±55.7）µg/m³,对VOCs浓度贡献较高的物种是烷烃、卤代烃、含氧挥发性有机物（OVOCs）,烷烃、芳香烃浓度呈中午低、早晚高的日变化趋势,OVOCs反之;OFP贡献占比较大的物种有烷烃、芳香烃、烯烃和OVOCs,烷烃的OFP贡献占比主要受其浓度占比影响,夏季芳香烃、烯烃的OFP贡献占比明显升高,臭氧（O₃）治理应加强二者的排放管控。来源解析显示,春夏季VOCs的主要来源为工业源、溶剂使用源、柴油车尾气排放源、油气挥发源和天然源。工业源精细化分析表明,芳香烃浓度与焦炭、纯碱产量,OVOCs浓度与天然气、乙烯、农用氮磷钾化肥产量,卤代烃浓度与天然气、汽车、农用氮磷钾化肥、纯碱产量,烯烃浓度与发电设备产量均呈正相关,初步判断,本地区环境空气中的芳香烃、OVOCs、卤代烃、烯烃可能来自于以上细分工业企业。

     

三峡水库补水调度对东洞庭湖典型沉水植物生境适宜性的影响

沉水植物是东洞庭湖水生态修复的重要物种,水深是影响沉水植物生长的关键因子之一。为定量描述三峡水库不同补水调度方式对东洞庭湖典型沉水植物生长生境的影响,以刺苦草（Vallisneria spinulosa）为目标物种,利用物理栖息地模型建立三峡水库补水调度期间不同出库流量与东洞庭湖刺苦草生长生境加权可利用面积（WUA）的关系。结果表明：刺苦草生长生境的适宜水深为0.2~1.8 m,最适宜水深为0.5~1.0 m;三峡水库实施补水调度后,东洞庭湖刺苦草生长生境的WUA整体呈现均匀上升趋势;三峡水库补水调度期间,出库流量为5 500~10 500 m³/s时,刺苦草生长生境最适宜水深范围对应的WUA呈现先增后减趋势,在出库流量为9 500 m³/s时WUA最大（74.46 km²）,可认为刺苦草生长最适宜出库流量为8 500~10 500 m³/s。研究成果可为通过三峡水库生态调度进行东洞庭湖水生态环境恢复及保护提供参考。