小康居住区的水环境与水质净化工程

分析了小康居住区水环境的含义，组成，并对居住区水质净化工程中3个热点问题（优质饮水，污水处理和中水回用等）进行了较深入的分析，建议小康居住区优质饮水供应以小区纯水站净化，管理输送至用户方式为主；不居住区的污水处理应分3种情况区别对待，在居住区污水处理达到排放标准的基础上，进一步处理回用，是经济合理的。     

成矿作用中金银的共生与分离及Au/Ag比值的校正

在内生作用中金与银既有共生的一面 ,又有分离的一面。其共生与分离受地球演化历史制约 ,受控于元素化学性质和地球化学亲和性 ,与岩浆起源、演化有关 ,受控于不同的基底建造和构造单元。成矿作用中金与银的共生与分离可用Au/Ag比值大小来衡量 ,本文提出了根据Au、Ag的地壳克拉克值和工业品位对传统的Au/Ag比值进行校正的方法 ,校正后的Au/Ag比值可有助于矿床研究、找矿预测和资源评价等工作     

桂西北明山金矿床表生带矿石中氨基酸的分布特征研究

在总结目前关于氨基酸溶金作用研究成果的基础上,对桂西北明山卡林型金矿床表生带的矿石样品进行了氨基酸的分离、定性和定量研究,结果表明,各种氨基酸的稳定性与所处的成岩成矿环境有关,因此不同环境中对成岩成矿发挥作用的氨基酸种类是不同的,所起的作用也有所差异;进行氨基酸溶金作用模拟实验时应该首先考虑氨基酸在不同成岩成矿环境中的稳定性。结合已有的氨基酸溶金作用模拟实验所得到的认识,对桂西北卡林型金矿成矿过程中氨基酸的作用进行了探讨。     

川西北哲波山微细浸染型金矿床岩浆岩特征

对川西北哲波山金矿区内出露的中 -酸性岩脉、岩株的类型、化学成分、地质特征以及微量元素、同位素、稀土元素等特征进行了研究 ,指出印支晚期和燕山早期的岩浆岩均属钙碱质岩系列 ,均起源于幔壳混源区 ,原始岩浆在成分上和演化上又存在着一定的差异性。岩浆岩为成矿提供了一定的物质基础。     

西部生态脆弱区矿山不同开采强度下生态系统服务时空变化——以神府矿区为例

以神府矿区为例,选取土地利用、植被覆盖、土壤、气象等生态环境与统计数据指标,利用RS和GIS技术构建生态系统服务遥感测量评估指标体系,评估研究区2005-2015年生态系统服务变化及时空分布特征,进一步探究神府矿区不同开采强度对生态系统服务的影响并进行驱动力分析。研究结果表明：（1）2005年、2010年、2015年研究区的总生态系统服务分别为1.598×10¹⁰元、1.905×10¹⁰元、2.134×10¹⁰元,呈现逐年递增的趋势;（2）生态系统服务功能中水土保持价值比例最大,草地的单位面积生态系统服务价值最高,耕地、草地生态系统为该地区贡献了最多的生态系统服务价值;（3）研究区生态系统服务分布表现为由东北向西南逐渐降低的趋势,不同开采强度下的生态系统服务增长变化较为相似,煤炭开采区域生态系统服务未显著下降,整体较为平稳。对生态系统服务变化的驱动分析表明在近年来相对改善的气候环境与人工修复共同作用下,神府矿区生态系统服务未发生明显的缩减。此类半干旱生态脆弱矿区国土空间生态修复适宜通过主动的“保护性开发”以及“人工诱导+自然修复”为主的方式,避免大范围与高强度的水土扰动型治理,通过适度的人为干预保证与维持区域内生态系统服务的功能。研究成果不但揭示高强度煤矿开采下的生态环境变化,也对西部生态脆弱区环境做了定量评估;同时,为将来的矿区重建提供了重要的依据。     

紫木凼金矿开采过程中的环境效应:2.污染趋势分析

主要对紫木凼金矿区CN- 、As、Hg、Pb、Zn五个污染项目进行了趋势分析和污染预测。氰化物虽然是剧毒污染物 ,但它具有很强的自净降解作用 ,对矿区的污染影响不大 ,只是对于废液池的清洗外排必须先治理后排放。建立了As、Hg、Pb、Zn在各个污染途径中的定量分配模式。该模式表明 ,开采过程中As、Hg、Pb的大部分 ( 64 %以上 )进入废液池外排 ,其余的进入矿渣。在此基础上 ,对这些元素从 1 989年到 2 0 0 0年的开采总量、进入废液、土壤、积水坑的分量进行了计算 ,并给出了在堆场下伏粘土中各元素的饱和吸附量和开始外排的时间。     

东昆仑五龙沟金矿床Ⅲ矿段原生晕特征及模式

五龙沟金矿床Ⅲ矿段呈现以Au、As、Ag为主 ,伴有Pb、Zn、Cu、Bi、Sb等多元素的综合原生晕 ,其中Au、Ag、As为典型矿致异常元素组合 ,其次为Hg、Sb、Bi;Ag、As、Sb等元素为远程指示元素 ,也为矿体前缘晕和上部特征元素 ;Hg、Bi、Pb为矿体上部和中上部原生晕特征元素组合 ,也为中远程指示元素 ;Cu、Zn为矿体中部和中下部原生晕特征指示元素 ;Au在整个原生晕中均是特征直接指示元素 ;原生晕轴向分带序列为As-Sb-Ag-Bi-Pb-Hg-Au-Zn -Cu,横向分带序列为 ,矿体上部原生晕 :Au -Zn -Ag -Bi-As-Hg -Cu-Sb -Pb ;中下部原生晕 :Zn -Cu-Au -Ag -Hg-As-Pb -Sb -Bi。矿致原生晕特征为Au原生晕发育 ,平均强度大于 1 60× 1 9-9;原生晕组合复杂 ,Au、Ag、As、Sb、Hg、Bi、Zn原生晕连续性好 ,范围大于构造带 ,有内中外或外中浓度带 ,各指示元素原生晕吻合性好 ;一般在矿体 (带 )受中度剥蚀深度 (或矿体已露出 )断面上 ,Au -Ag和Au -As具正相关表现 ,相关性较好。这些特点或指标 ,可作为以蚀变岩型为主要类型金矿床的地球化学信息标志     

Alteration in Rhizosphere Soil Properties of Afforested <Emphasis Type="Italic">Rhamnus lycioides</Emphasis> Seedlings in Short-Term Response to Mycorrhizal Inoculation with <Emphasis Type="Italic">Glomus intraradices</Emphasis> and Organic Amendment

The reestablisment of autochthonous plant species is an essential strategy for recovering degraded areas under semiarid conditions. A field experiment was carried out to assess the short-term effect of two reafforestation methods involving mycorrhizal inoculation and compost addition on soil quality parameters and Rhamnus lycioides seedling growth. The nutrient content (NPK) and enzymatic activities (dehydrogenase, urease, protease-BAA, acid phosphatase and β-glucosidase) increased and bulk density decreased in the rhizosphere soil with the organic amendment. Biomass C of rhizosphere soil increased by at least 240% with respect to the control soil after mycorrhizal inoculation and the combination of compost addition + mycorrhizal inoculation. Both mycorrhizal inoculation and composted organic residue addition increased R. lycioides seedling growth in the same proportion. In the short term, we conclude that the application of both reafforestation methods not only enhances the establishment of R. lycioides seedlings, but also improves soil quality.     

Risk attitudes and mitigation among gold miners and others in the Suriname rainforest

This article analyses the question: do attitudes towards risk influence participation in small‐scale gold mining, a hazardous activity that generates uncertain income? This question is examined by measuring and comparing the risk attitudes of gold miners and non‐mining community members in the rainforest of Suriname, South America. The author presents a multivariate model to predict the duration of work in mining areas as a function of risk tolerance, age, education, and household demographics. The results suggest that a greater tolerance to risk increases the duration of a person's mining career. However, attitudes explain only a fraction of the variation in occupational choices. Qualitative data suggest that these choices are primarily shaped by local barriers to human capital development and by national economic volatility. Given their marginal position in society and the multitude of mining risk mitigation strategies, it is questionable whether gold mining exposes Suriname forest peoples to greater risks than other subsistence alternatives. The author argues that sensitivity to local historical and cultural conditions would improve the efficiency of policies aimed at developing a more sustainable mining industry. By zooming in on the daily lives of miners, anthropology can complement macro‐scale analyses and contribute to policy interventions in the small‐scale mining sector.     

Strategies for sustainable development of the small-scale gold and diamond mining industry of Ghana

The small-scale gold and diamonds mining industry is of great importance to Ghana. Since its regularization in 1989 the sector has produced and sold over 1.5 million troy ounces of gold and 8.0 million carats of diamonds. During the same period the sector also provided direct employment to over 100,000 people and improved the socioeconomic life of many individuals and communities. However, these were largely achieved at a cost to the environment in areas where mining is carried out and there is the need to develop the industry in a sustainable manner. This paper looks at the developments in the small-scale gold and diamonds mining industry in Ghana and proposes some strategies on how the concepts of sustainable development could be applied to the industry.