华东某铀矿区周边河流表层沉积物的天然放射性评价

利用高纯锗γ能谱分析仪测量中国华东某铀矿区附近河流沉积物的放射性核素比活度,计算γ辐射吸收剂量率(D)、有效镭浓度(Ra_(eq))、外照射指数(H_(ex))、内照射指数(H_(in))、年有效剂量当量(AEDE(室内和室外))和年性腺剂量当量(AGDE)等放射性参数,并开展沉积物的放射性危害评估,最后通过Pearson线性系数确定放射性核素比活度之间的相关性。结果表明,河流沉积物中放射性核素~(238)U、~(226)Ra、~(232)Th和40K的平均比活度分别为51.55、37.32、57.63和756.86 Bq·kg~(-1),除~(226)Ra外,其他放射性核素的比活度均高于中国平均值;距离污染区较远或存在河流稀释作用的区域,沉积物的天然放射性核素处于正常水平,作为建筑材料使用时比活度不存在超标;放射性核素~(238)U、~(226)Ra和~(232)Th之间存在显著相关性。     

四川省绵远河水系重金属物源探讨及环境质量评价

本文通过对沱江流域绵远河水系中重金属元素的系统研究,在查明水系中重金属元素含量的空间分布特征的基础上,应用因子分析的方法对重金属元素的来源进行了探讨和解释,综合评价了绵远河流域水系各段重金属污染状况。研究结果显示,绵远河水中元素分析结果符合生活饮用水卫生标准,通过因子分析表明水系中重金属元素主要来源于流域内磷化工工业、...     

Catalyzing sustainable fisheries management through behavior change interventions

Small-scale fisheries are an important livelihood and primary protein source for coastal communities in many of the poorest regions in the world, yet many are overfished and thus require effective and scalable management solutions. Positive ecological and socioeconomic responses to management typically lag behind immediate costs borne by fishers from fishing pressure reductions necessary for fisheries recovery. These short-term costs challenge the long-term success of these interventions. However, social marketing may increase perceptions of management benefits before ecological and socioeconomic benefits are fully realized, driving new social norms and ultimately long-term sustainable behavior change. By conducting underwater visual surveys to quantify ecological conditions and by conducting household surveys with community members to quantify their perceptions of management support and socioeconomic conditions, we assessed the impact of a standardized small-scale fisheries management intervention that was implemented across 41 sites in Brazil, Indonesia, and the Philippines. The intervention combines TURF reserves (community-based territorial use rights for fishing coupled with no-take marine reserves) with locally tailored social-marketing behavior change campaigns. Leveraging data across 22 indicators and 4 survey types, along with data from 3 control sites, we found that ecological and socioeconomic impacts varied and that communities supported the intervention and were already changing their fishing practices. These results suggest that communities were developing new social norms and fishing more sustainably before long-term ecological and socioeconomic benefits of fisheries management materialized.     

Evaluation of antioxidant potentials of Morinda morindoides leaf extract

This study investigated antioxidant status of animals given aqueous extract of Morinda morindoides leaves using the levels of reduced glutathione, total-thiol, vitamin C, and vitamin E as well as malondialdehyde concentrations as indices, and its in vitro antioxidant capacity. Thirty rats divided into five groups were used. Group A served as control and were administered distilled water while groups B, C, D, and E were given 100, 200, 400, and 800 mg per kilogram body weight of water-extracted constituents of M. morindoides for 28 days. Total phenolic compounds amounted to 83.6 ± 5.9 mg g^?1 gallic acid equivalent, while total flavonoid content was 9.5 ± 0.9 mg g^?1 pyrocathecol equivalent. Malondialdehyde in plasma was significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner, ranging from 21% in groups B and C to 84% in groups D and E. Vitamins C and E were significantly increased, in group E by 91% and 17% compared with control. Total thiols and glutathione in plasma were significantly increased, with group E having 2.5-fold and 4.2-fold higher values than control.     

船舶海上应急评价初探

尝试将综合安全评估(FSA)的原理和步骤应用到船舶海上应急管理的评价方面。依据FSA的流程,通过咨询、系统分析和向专家发调查表等方法以及不断地修改完善,构建了船舶海上应急管理评价的指标体系,运用德尔菲法(Delphi)和层次分析法(AHP)确定了各指标的权重。然后,用模糊综合评价方法建立评价数学模型,并依据评价结果,给出了提高和改善船舶整体应急能力的建议。     

教练直升机训练系统安全评价研究

为保证教练直升机的使用安全,预防事故发生,针对当前教练直升机安全风险决策数据量少、存在模糊的特点,提出基于模糊D-S证据理论的教练直升机训练系统安全评价模型。从人-机-环-管4个系统出发,建立教练直升机训练系统安全评价指标体系,运用模糊评价技术评估教练直升机系统安全影响因素,利用D-S证据理论的层次递归算法对不同层次影响因素的评估等级进行合成,并以某型教练直升机为例,给出评价步骤。结果表明:该方案适用于研究教练直升机训练系统安全评价;根据安全性量化值,能够实现按安全性能优劣对系统的快速排序。     

基于模糊层次法的炮采工作面安全性评价研究

在矿山炮采工作面安全性评价中引入模糊层次综合评判法,并以内蒙某露天煤矿炮采工作面为例,对其进行了综合分析评价.首先,应用德尔菲法分析了炮采工作面的安全影响因素;然后建立了包括“人、机、料、法、环”五个方面的安全评价指标体系,其中每个指标又包含数个二级指标,共计19个;最后,构建了基于模糊层次法的炮采工作面安全评价模型.研究表明,该方法可以解决指标多层次性与复杂性造成的评价结果的离散问题,提高评定结果可信度,较好的找出安全上的薄弱环节,从而可及时采取有针对性的措施解决存在的问题,具有很好的工程应用价值,对炮采工作面安全评价与管理是一种有效的方法.     

基于投影寻踪技术的洪水灾情综合评价

洪水灾情评价结果对救灾和援灾决策有重要指导意义。实际灾情评价中,单项指标的评价结果往往是不相容的,而多指标综合评价的重点在于模型指标权重的获取。将投影寻踪技术用于洪水灾情评价中,并将决策者的偏好添加到模型中,建立一个能在专家对某个(些)指标偏好干预下寻求客观权重的灾情综合评价模型,并研究模型的优化问题。结果表明,在多指标评价中,投影寻踪技术是一种能根据样本数据进行综合评价的客观方法,并能兼顾决策者对某个(些)指标的偏好。