内蒙古锡林浩特Ⅰ型花岗岩的时代及构造意义

在内蒙古锡林浩特水库地区出露的花岗岩确定为I型花岗岩,具有较高的Cr、Co、Ni丰度。Ca、Al含量和N2O/K2O比值较高,Fe、Mg含量较低。微量元素蛛网图中显示出明显的Nb、Ta、P、Ti负异常。在SiO2-K2O及AFM图中,花岗质岩石投在钙碱性系列区;在构造环境判别图中,花岗质岩石样品都投在火山弧+同碰撞花岗岩区。锆石测年结果显示平均年龄为317.0±4.0Ma,属晚石炭世。这套晚石炭世岛弧花岗岩的存在,表明加里东期古亚洲洋并未完全关闭,晚石炭世时仍然存在洋壳的俯冲消减事件。从区域上看,是北侧的贺根山洋盆向南俯冲的结果。     

Simulating study on the effect of acid precipitation on forest soil weathering

The effect of acid rain on the forest soils in China was discussed on the basis of simulating studies. The soils were collected from five typical areas, including Chongqing in Sichuan Province and Guiyang in Guizhou Province, where there has been heavier acid rain in southwest China, and Huitong in Hunan Province, Zhouzhi in Shaanxi Province, and Xinglong in Hebei Province, all of which were selected as control. Field investigation and sampling were made in the typical forests in all the above five areas. The relationship between pH values in precipitation and rates of soil weathering, the difference between the rates of soil weathering in different areas, and the cause of such a difference, have been worked out. The prediction was also conducted on the supply dynamics of nutrient and toxic elements in various forest ecosystems which were affected by acid deposition in order to understand the long-term effects of acid precipitation on the forest ecosystems studied.     

苯并噁嗪树脂基复合材料湿热老化性能研究

研究了苯并噁嗪树脂及苯并噁嗪树脂基复合材料的湿热老化性能。采用RTM工艺,制备了苯并噁嗪树脂浇铸体、碳纤维和玻璃纤维增强增强苯并噁嗪树脂基复合材料,采用DSC,DMA,TGA等表征了苯并噁嗪树脂及苯并噁嗪树脂树脂基复合材料的常温干态热性能,分别测试了70℃和120℃的湿热老化性能。结果表明：苯并噁嗪树脂浇铸体、碳纤维和玻璃纤维增强苯并噁嗪树脂基复合材料具有优异的常温干态力学性能。70℃时,部分性能保持率在70%以上;120℃时,部分性能保持率在50%以上。苯并噁嗪树脂及苯并噁嗪树脂基复合材料表现出优异的抗湿热老化性能。     

他念他翁山中段仁措湖地区花岗岩风化晕生长侵蚀模型研究及原地生成宇宙成因核素测年思考

通过建立他念他翁山流域仁措湖地区的花岗岩风化晕生长模型与侵蚀模型,并利用此模型定量了仁措湖地区花岗岩暴露年代。研究结果显示：该地区花岗岩风化晕平均生长速率为4.88 mm? (10 ka) ^?1;平均侵蚀速率为2.15 mm?ka^?1。通过此模型对仁措湖地区的年代进行计算,得出该地区花岗岩风化时间约为(236±88)— (19834±1560) a。结合原地生成宇宙成因核素（terrestrial in situ cosmogenic nuclide,TCN）测年原理,推算出青藏高原花岗岩冰川沉积物至少侵蚀速率分别为：青藏高原东北部为(2.61±0.05) mm?ka^?1、青藏高原东南部为(3.43±0.70) mm?ka^?1、青藏高原中部为(3.42±0.34) mm?ka^?1、喜马拉雅中部为(3.71±0.72) mm?ka^?1、高原西部为(3.14±0.52) mm?ka^?1、喜马拉雅山脉西部为(3.36±0.67) mm?ka^?1、帕米尔高原东部为(3.45±0.59) mm?ka^?1、帕米尔高原西部为(3.11±0.41) mm?ka^?1、天山为(3.63±0.53) mm?ka^?1,恢复后整个青藏高原的TCN测年精度提高了10%左右。     

桂东南花岗岩残坡积土边坡破坏特征与防治对策

桂东南花岗岩残坡积土边坡雨季频繁失稳破坏,严重威胁着当地居民的生命财产与工程安全,制约区域经济社会的发展。为了探明该类边坡的破坏特征,采用现场调研与统计分析相结合的方法,分析了花岗岩残坡积土边坡的破坏模型与特征,探讨边坡稳定性的主要影响因素,在此基础上提出针对性的防治对策。研究结果表明:桂东南花岗岩残坡积土边坡的破坏类型分别是滑坡、崩塌、坡面泥石流、复合型,边坡稳定性的主控因素包括残坡积土的力学性质、结构面、人工切坡与降雨。防治设计宜分别针对自然边坡与人工边坡来开展,对于已经破坏的自然边坡和人工边坡,防治重点是对裸露的滑床进行及时防护;对于正处于变形阶段的人工边坡,防治宜根据坡体结构、边坡稳定性、潜在的破坏类型与特征来采取针对性措施。     

浙闽东海岸风动石奇观

本文简介浙闽东海岸花岗岩类经“球状风化”塑造的石蛋地貌奇观。著名的有浙江舟山群岛普陀山的磐陀石 ,福建泉州的碧玉球和东山岛的风动石 ,以及厦门的日光岩。     

INCREASES IN SODIUM AND CHLORIDE IN THE MOHAWK RIVER,NEW YORK,FROM THE 1950'S TO THE 1970'S ATTRIBUTED TO ROAD SALT1

Regression analyses of major ion concentration in relation to specific conductance of water from the Mohawk River during two separate periods, 1951–53 and 1970–74, indicate statistically insignificant changes in the linear relationship of all constituents studied except chloride. Mean values and changes in the slopes of these relationships indicate that sodium and chloride have had consistently higher yields, in kilograms per square kilometer per year, than the other ions, although all ions show a general 20 percent increase in yields during the two decades. This general increase in ion yields is attributed to an accelerated transport rate of ions out of the basin as a result of a 19 percent increase in mean stream discharge. Transport rates of sodium and chloride have increased by 72 and 145 percent, respectively, in the Mohawk River since the early 1950's. Analysis of the sodium and chloride sources indicates rock salt used as a road deicei to be the primary source. This salt use accounts for 96 percent of the sodium transport increase and 69 percent of the chloride transport increase within the basin during the last two decades.     

湖南大义山花岗岩南体黑云母40Ar-39Ar定年及地质意义

大义山岩体是一个多时代形成的复式岩体,习惯有大义山南体和北体之分.岩体内外接触带产有较多的W、Sn、Cu、Pb、Zn等多金属矿产.长期以来对南体主体形成的时代归属存在较大的差异,一部分人认为是印支期的产物,另一部人认为是燕山期的产物,这种结果对该区成矿作用的研究和指导找矿都带来很大的不利.本次研究通过对岩体的解体以及精确的黑云母氩氩法定年,确切地将大义山南体归属于两个不同的时代,即南体的北部为中侏罗世,南部为晚三叠世.这一成果对该岩体和成矿作用的研究都具有重要的现实意义.     

Climatic Variation and Solute Concentration and Flux in Meltwaters Draining from an Alpine Glacier

Measurements of electrical conductivity and discharge ofmeltwaters in the Gornera, which drains from the 83%glacierised basin containing Gornergletscher, PennineAlps, Switzerland, were undertaken between May andSeptember in both 1979 and 1998. Discharge in theGornera was 43% higher in 1998, average air temperatureduring the ablation season being 2.1 °C warmer andpreceding winter precipitation 28% lower than in 1979. Mean electrical conductivity of meltwater in 1998 wasreduced by 40%. In the same 60 day period in 1998,however, solute flux was augmented by only 2% bycomparison with 1979. Year-to-year climatic variations,reflected in discharge variability, strongly affectsolute concentration in glacial meltwaters, but havelimited impact on solute flux. Climatic conditionstranslate into meltwater quality through inter-relationships between mineral reaction rates, subglacialresidence time in contact with sediment, and discharge. Annual variability in solute flux depends on the extentto which volume of flow can offset decline in soluteconcentration brought about by reducing residence time.