好氧颗粒污泥的特点及其研究进展

综述了好氧颗粒污泥的基本特征和微生物相、好氧颗粒污泥形成的主要影响因素及其颗粒化反应器等。好氧颗粒污泥是近几年发现的在好氧条件下自发形成的细胞自身固定化过程 ,是生物膜特殊的生长形式。颗粒污泥具有良好的沉降性能、较高的生物量和在高容积负荷条件下降解高浓度有机废水的良好生物活性。污泥颗粒化过程是一个多阶段的过程 ,取决于废水组成及其操作条件的选择。在气提式内循环间歇反应器 (internalcirculatesequencingbatchairliftreac tor ,ICSBAR )中易于培养出性能良好的好氧颗粒污泥。     

Cultivation of aerobic granules for simultaneous nitrification and denitrification by seeding different inoculated sludge

Cultivation of aerobic granules for simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in two sequencing batch airlift bioreactors was studied. Conventional activated floc and anaerobic granules served as main two inoculated sludge in the systems. Morphological variations of sludge in the reactors were observed. It was found that the cultivation of aerobic granules was closely associated with the kind of inoculated sludge. Round and regular aerobic granules were prevailed in both reactors, and the physical charactedstics of the aerobic granules in terms of settling ability, specitic gravity, and ratio Of water containing were distinct wnen the inoculate sludge differe. Aerobic granules formed by seeding activated floc are more excellent in simultaneous nitrification and denitrification than that by aerobic granules formed from anaerobic granules. It was concluded that inoculated sludge plays a crucial role in the cultivation of aerobic granules for simultaneous nitrification and denitrification.     

中低温厌氧处理城市污水污泥颗粒化的研究

用高径比为3∶1的UASB反应器分别在35℃和室温条件下处理模拟城市污水,研究了污泥的颗粒化过程。比较了在不同温度、浓度下形成的颗粒污泥的特征。水温为9~25℃,进水浓度为100~200 mg COD/L,水力上流速度(Vup)在0.013~0.11 m/h的4#UASB反应器在60 d内在形成了成熟的颗粒污泥。研究表明,进水中低的有机物浓度,低的Ca2+、Mg2+浓度和低的Vup没有抑制颗粒化进程。     

比生物絮凝因子作为絮凝剂促进厌氧污泥颗粒化指标的研究

研究了间歇投加微生物絮凝剂MBF21和阳离子PAM对厌氧污泥颗粒化的作用规律在此基础上考察了污泥的比生物絮凝因子与厌氧污泥的粒径间的关系.研究表明,污泥的比生物絮凝因子与污泥的粒径呈正相关微生物絮凝剂组、阳离子PAM组及对照组中厌氧污泥的比生物絮凝因子BF/BF0分别增加至42.65、40.45、21.89;与对照组相比,微生物絮凝剂组和阳离子PAM组污泥的BF/BF0分别提高了94.8%和84.8%.相应的污泥平均粒径分别增加至1.04、1.13、0.63mm;与对照组相比,微生物絮凝剂组和阳离子PAM组的污泥平均粒径分别增加了65.1%和79.4%.     

累托石-粉煤灰颗粒吸附剂的制备及除铜性能

研究了累托石-粉煤灰颗粒吸附剂制备工艺条件及其去除铜冶炼废水中Cu(Ⅱ)的条件。实验结果表明:累托石与粉煤灰的比例为7∶3,另加入15%的添加剂(St)和50%的水,焙烧温度为500℃时,制成的颗粒吸附剂不仅吸附效果最佳,而且其散失率较低。在不调节铜冶炼工业废水pH值的条件下,颗粒吸附剂用量为0·01g/mL,作用时间为60min,温度为25℃(常温)时,Cu(Ⅱ)的去除率达99·5%,处理后的水符合国家污水综合排放标准(GB8978-1996)一级标准。     

矿物基多孔颗粒材料净化石英纯化废水研究

制备了一种矿物基多孔颗粒吸附材料(MPGM),用于净化富含重金属离子的石英纯化废水.通过BET、SEM及FT-IR等技术分析表明,MPGM具有多孔径分布、大比表面积、低散失率等优良特性;N2吸附-脱附等温线为Ⅲ型,且存在H4型回滞环;官能团以层状硅酸盐矿物的基团为主.研究了吸附剂用量、初始p H值及时间对MPGM吸附Fe、Zn、Mn、As的影响,结果表明,4种金属离子浓度分别由77.760、3.700、2.789和0.963 mg·L-1吸附净化为3.421、0.574、0.126和0.034mg·L-1.对使用过的吸附材料利用1.0 mol·L-1的Na Cl脱附12 h,重复利用5次后仍维持理想的吸附水平.吸附机制研究表明,吸附体系均符合Langmuir吸附等温线模型及准一级动力学模型/准二级动力学模型;ΔGθ0、ΔHθ0、ΔSθ0,说明吸附过程为吸热反应,且在15~45℃温度下有利于反应顺利自发进行.     

SBR反应器内碳基好氧颗粒污泥的培养及其稳定运行特性

为探究粉末活性炭和钙离子的投加对污泥颗粒化进程的影响,在300 L SBR（序批式反应器）中接种普通絮状污泥,投加1.0 g/L粒径约75 μm的PAC（粉末活性炭）及35 mg/L的Ca2+以促进污泥颗粒化进程,并研究其稳定运行特性.结果表明:常温下反应器在14 d内开始形成具有良好沉降性能的AGS（好氧颗粒污泥）,至第18天污泥颗粒化程度达到80.0%左右;在此后运行的100 d内,AGS基本能保持其结构完整性.同时,反应器内ρ（MLSS）（污泥浓度）由接种时的3 300 mg/L升至4 050 mg/L,污泥SVI（体积指数）由接种时的120 mL/g变为35 mL/g.w（PS）（PS为胞外多糖）较少且变化量小;w（PN）（PN为胞外蛋白）在反应器启动及稳定运行阶段内都在提高,最终达到240 mg/g（以每gMLVSS中含PS的质量计）,PN/PS（质量比）最终稳定在15.00左右.稳定运行期间,反应器对污水中COD_Cr、TN、TP的平均去除率分别达到82.0%、76.5%和96.0%.研究显示,投加的PAC与普通絮状污泥间的吸附作用,促进了污泥的颗粒化进程;同时,PAC作为AGS的惰性成核物质,避免了AGS因内源呼吸从颗粒内部解体,提高了AGS的稳定性.      

好氧颗粒污泥颗粒化影响因素及应用现状

好氧颗粒具有良好的沉降性能、较高的生物量和高容积负荷条件下降解高浓度有机废水的良好生物活性,是提高生物反应器效能的重要物质。文章综述了好氧颗粒污泥的形成机制、颗粒化过程的主要影响因素以及在污水处理中的应用现状等三方面国内外好氧颗粒污泥的研究成果,并提出了好氧颗粒污泥的研究方向及发展趋势。     

水力剪切力对厌氧反应器启动的影响

升流式厌氧反应器以絮状污泥为种泥启动,启动过程主要关注COD去除率的提高以及污泥颗粒化的情况.污泥颗粒化过程包括"成核"以及"在核基础上成熟"2个步骤,"成核"作为颗粒化的起点尤为重要.本实验运用课题组建立的定量方法,研究了在低、中、高水力剪切力条件下的絮状污泥的成核过程.在成核过程中,污泥平均粒径(average sludge diameter,ASD)、含核率(nucleus ratio,NR)都与运行时间明显线性相关,ASD的增长速率分别为0.40、0.51和0.41μm.d-1.中等水力条件下污泥的成核速度最快,相应的剪切速率为8.28 s-1,液相和气相上升流速分别为2.66和0.24 m/h.高水力剪切力下,污泥的COD去除率增长快.同时污泥去除能力与污泥性质密切相关,在试验条件下,ASD的增长速率与COD去除率达到92%的快慢是一致的.     

Production and application of anaerobic granular sludge produced by landfill

Sludge granulation is considered to be the most critical parameter governing successful operation of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket and expanded granular sludge bed(EGSB)reactors.Pre-granulated seeding sludge could greatly reduce the required start- up time.Two lab-scale and a pilot-scale EGSB reactors were operated to treat Shaoxing Wastewater Treatment Plant(SWWTP) containing wastewater from real engineering printing and dyeing with high pH and sulfate concentration.The microbiological structure and the particle size distribution in aerobic excess sludge,sanitary landfill sludge digested for one year,and the granular sludge of EGSB reactor after 400 d of operation were analyzed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and sieves.The lab-scale EGSB reactor seeded with anaerobic sludge after digestion for one year in landfill showed obviously better total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD)removal efficiency than one seeded with aerobic excess sludge after cation polyacrylamide flocculation-concentration and dehydration.The TCOD removed was 470.8 mg/L in pilot scale EGSB reactor at short hydraulic retention time of 15 h.SEM of sludge granules showed that the microbiological structure of the sludge from different sources showed some differences.SEM demonstrated that Methanobacterium sp.was present in the granules of pilot-scale EGSB and the granular sludge produced by landfill contained a mixture of anaerobic/anoxic organisms in abundance.The particle size distribution in EGSB demonstrated that using anaerobic granular sludge produced by sanitary landfill as the seeding granular sludge was feasible.