锥组对ASBR性能的影响及其流场模拟

结合计算流体动力学(CFD)流场模拟,分析研究了二次流场下锥组对厌氧序批式反应器(ASBR)处理效果和污泥性状的影响。结果表明:锥组改善了双层搅拌桨下的二次流场,增强了ASBR的混合和污泥沉降效果,促进了污泥颗粒化,增加了污泥浓度,从而提高了处理效率和抗有机负荷冲击能力。在试验范围内,有机负荷越高,锥组对处理效果的改善越明显,在COD容积负荷为1.2 kg/(m3·d)时,设有锥组的ASBR出水ρ(COD)为450 mg/L,而未设锥组的为930 mg/L;通过锥组的浅层沉降作用和污泥在锥壁上的滚动压缩作用,污泥沉降效果明显提高,颗粒化速度加快,在运行初期设有锥组的ASBR即可在15 min内沉至出水液面以下,而未设锥组的ASBR需要约30 min,且在40 d时,R2中有45.4%污泥实现了颗粒化,而R1中只有32.5%。     

厌氧污泥颗粒化中微生态形成过程表征

采用荧光原位杂交（FISH）和聚合酶链式反应-变性梯度凝胶电泳（PCR-DGGE）技术,表征了厌氧污泥颗粒化过程中微生物种群多样性及群落相似性的变化,解析了关键微生物中产氢产乙酸菌、耗氢产乙酸菌及产甲烷菌的动态演替,初步探讨了颗粒污泥微生态群落的形成过程.结果表明,正常启动的厌氧反应器中,颗粒污泥生长周期超过180 d...     

Qualitatively and quantitatively assessing the aggregation ability of sludge during aerobic granulation process combined XDLVO theory with physicochemical properties

Inexact mechanism of aerobic granulation still impedes optimization and application of aerobic granules. In this study, the extended Derjaguin, Landau, Verwey, and Overbeek(XDLVO) theory and physicochemical properties were combined to assess the aggregation ability of sludge during aerobic granulation process qualitatively and quantitatively. Results show that relative hydrophobicity of sludge and polysaccharide content of extracellular polymeric substances(EPS) increased, while electronegativity of sludge decreased during acclimation phase. After 20 days' acclimation, small granules began to form due to high aggregation ability of sludge. Since then, coexisted flocs and granules possessed distinct physicochemical properties during granulation and maturation phase. The relative hydrophobicity decreased while electronegativity increased for flocs, whereas that for granules presented reverse trend. Through analyzing the interaction energy using the XDLVO theory, small granules tended to self-grow rather than self-aggregate or attach of flocs due to poor aggregation ability between flocs and granules during the granulation phase. Besides, remaining flocs were unlikely to self-aggregate owing to poor aggregation ability, low hydrophobicity and high electronegativity.     

因巴法水渣系统应用及评价

因巴法水渣技术在目前国内高炉生产中得到广泛应用。就此技术改造经验，从四个方面即，设备完好率与除尘率及同步运转率、粉尘作业职工尘肺发病率和尘肺发病年龄、作业场所粉尘浓度、防尘技术措施的经济效益，阐述了水渣系统的先进性能，并通过环境监测进行综合评价。     

好氧颗粒污泥颗粒化研究进展及发展趋势

综述了好氧颗粒污泥颗粒化研究进展，好氧颗粒污泥颗粒化的影响因素，分析了好氧颗粒污泥颗粒化研究中存在的问题，提出了研究的发展趋势。     

好氧颗粒污泥稳定性影响因素分析

在内循环气升式间歇反应器对好氧颗粒污泥颗粒化过程进行了研究,从污泥负荷率和碳源特性分析了好氧颗粒污泥的稳定性。以蔗糖为碳源时,反应器在较低的曝气量下生长有大量的丝状真菌,而在较高的曝气量下有利于污泥形成表面光滑的颗粒,但当污泥负荷过低时,光滑的颗粒污泥表面开始迅速生长丝状真菌而导致颗粒污泥不稳定。试验表明以蔗糖为碳源物质形成好氧颗粒污泥速率快,但其操作条件难控制,容易引起丝状真菌的大量生长;以乙酸钠为碳源物质,形成颗粒污泥速度慢,污泥颗粒化程度不高;而以蔗糖与乙酸钠为混合型碳源进行好氧颗粒污泥的培养证明了形成的好氧颗粒污泥表面光滑,没有丝状菌的存在,并且颗粒污泥易于稳定运行。     

以脱水污泥为接种污泥促进好氧污泥颗粒化

以脱水造粒形成的物理颗粒污泥为接种污泥,明显提高了好氧污泥颗粒化速度.研究结果表明：在第20d,接种物理颗粒污泥的R2中90%以上的污泥粒径即大于0.2mm,而接种絮状污泥的R1中只有26.7%.颗粒化过程中,接种物理颗粒污泥的R2中SVI始终小于80mL/g沉降性能良好,第25d时污泥浓度为6300mg/L,而R1为3200mg/L.脱水过程未对污泥活性造成明显影响,培养期间两者COD去除率均大于90%,但培养后期R2中TN的去除率约为70%,明显优于R1的55%,其主要原因为R2中的污泥粒径大于R1.经过5d的曝气剪切后仍有39.8%的物理颗粒污泥大于0.2mm,为颗粒化提供了大量诱导核,同时物理颗粒污泥内部营养传输孔道的形成与EPS的內源消化和反硝化产气有关.     

蒙脱石颗粒吸附剂的制备及除锌研究

以蒙脱石为原料,粉煤灰为激发剂,添加一定量的黏结剂混合造粒制成复合颗粒吸附剂,用于处理含Zn2+废水,实验研究了蒙脱石/粉煤灰混合比例、焙烧温度、添加剂用量等因素对复合颗粒强度和吸附性能的影响。研究结果表明,制备复合颗粒较佳的工艺条件为:蒙脱石与粉煤灰的混合比为6∶4,焙烧温度105℃,硅酸钠的添加比例为15%(蒙脱石/粉煤灰混合物质量)。制成的颗粒吸附剂不仅吸附效果好,而且其散失率较低。     

Rapid aerobic granulation in an SBR treating piggery wastewater by seeding sludge from a municipal WWTP

Aerobic sludge granulation was rapidly obtained in the erlenmeyer bottle and sequencing batch reactor (SBR) using piggery wastewater. Aerobic granulation occurred on day 3 and granules with mean diameter of 0.2 mm and SVI₃₀ of 20.3 mL/g formed in SBR on day 18. High concentrations of Ca and Fe in the raw piggery wastewater and operating mode accelerated aerobic granulation, even though the seed sludge was from a municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Alpha diversity analysis revealed Operational Taxonomic Units, Shannon, ACE and Chao 1 indexes in aerobic granules were 2013, 5.51, 4665.5 and 3734.5, which were obviously lower compared to seed sludge. The percentages of major microbial communities, such as Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were obviously higher in aerobic granules than seed sludge. Chloroflexi, Planctomycetes, Actinobacteria, TM7 and Acidobacteria showed much higher abundances in the inoculum. The main reasons might be the characteristics of raw piggery wastewater and granule structure.     

ABR处理低浓度废水的污泥颗粒化研究

通过两个ABR反应器不同启动方式的对比,考察了污泥颗粒化的进程。试验以污水厂的厌氧污泥为对象,以颗粒污泥的粒径、形成特征等作为评价污泥颗粒化的指标,分析了控制进水CODcr浓度和改变水力停留时间两种运行方式对污泥颗粒化的影响。试验结果表明,两种启动运行方式均能够实现污泥的颗粒化,但在颗粒粒径和颗粒化程度上有所区别。培养出的颗粒污泥形状一般为球形或椭球形,直径在1 mm～2 mm。污泥结构紧密,表面较光滑,以丝状产甲烷菌为主。