Landscape network congruency at the ecoregion scale: can we expect corridor ‘umbrellas’?

Conservation planners are faced with numerous choices regarding ‘what to connect’ when modeling landscape networks on an ecoregion scale. A simplifying assumption is often that coarse-scale corridors may provide overlapping or ‘umbrella’ effects for multiple conservation scenarios. To examine this, we assessed differences in connectivity models arising from four different conservation scenarios for the transboundary Northern Appalachian/Acadian Ecoregion (330,000 km²). Models resulted in networks comprised of varying levels of connectedness, suggesting the presence of local connectivity at several sub-ecoregion scales, but diminished ecoregion-scale connectivity. Our results also indicate that selecting ‘what to connect’ at the ecoregion scale strongly influences the location and extent of modeled corridors. Further, our evidence suggests that landscape networks derived for one scenario are not likely to produce far-reaching corridor umbrellas or highly coincident landscape networks for alternative conservation scenarios with varying goals. As a result, alternative landscape networks should not be considered functionally equivalent.     

利用图结构改进汽车故障解码器的功能

主要介绍了汽车计算机系统的组织结构,分析了目前解码器存在的功能缺陷,笔者提出了一种利用图结构完善汽车解码器功能的方法,并给出了具体的算法步骤和应用方法。通过各故障之间的关联和顺序,利用有向图的原理,建立了一种汽车故障关联结构图,并通过相应的搜索算法进行故障查询,用于帮助汽车检修人员迅速确定故障的所在,指导检修人员进行故障检修,提高了汽车故障的排查速度,对提高汽车的智能化水平具有重要作用。     

印刷车间空气处理方案的节能分析

基于印刷车间工艺特点对温湿度等环境参数的要求,结合空气处理过程焓湿图分析了实现印刷车间温湿度控制的几种空气处理方案在节能方面的优势,并指出了其适用场合的局限性。结合热回收方案对适合印刷车间的空调节能技术进行了论述,旨在优化车间内部生产环境,为实现节能减排以及绿色生产提供理论依据。     

输气站场ESD系统的SIL定级与验证

针对输气站场ESD系统配置的合理性,进行了SIL等级的确认与验证。选取了输气站下游爆管这一常见事故,基于风险图与故障树相结合的方法,对ESD系统进行安全功能分析。确定该安全功能所需的等级为SIL2,但现有配置只能达到SIL1的等级,不能满足安全功能的需求。对提高SIL等级的方法进行讨论,提出了具体的增加可靠性的方案。     

Comparing spatial conservation prioritization methods with site- versus spatial dependency-based connectivity

Larval dispersal is an important component of marine reserve networks. Two conceptually different approaches to incorporate dispersal connectivity into spatial planning of these networks exist, and it is an open question as to when either is most appropriate. Candidate reserve sites can be selected individually based on local properties of connectivity or on a spatial dependency-based approach of selecting clusters of strongly connected habitat patches. The first acts on individual sites, whereas the second acts on linked pairs of sites. We used a combination of larval dispersal simulations representing different seascapes and case studies of biophysical larval dispersal models in the Coral Triangle region and the province of Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia, to compare the performance of these 2 methods in the spatial planning software Marxan. We explored the reserve design performance implications of different dispersal distances and patterns based on the equilibrium settlement of larvae in protected and unprotected areas. We further assessed different assumptions about metapopulation contributions from unprotected areas, including the case of 100% depletion and more moderate scenarios. The spatial dependency method was suitable when dispersal was limited, a high proportion of the area of interest was substantially degraded, or the target amount of habitat protected was low. Conversely, when subpopulations were well connected, the 100% depletion was relaxed, or more habitat was protected, protecting individual sites with high scores in metrics of connectivity was a better strategy. Spatial dependency methods generally produced more spatially clustered solutions with more benefits inside than outside reserves compared with site-based methods. Therefore, spatial dependency methods potentially provide better results for ecological persistence objectives over enhancing fisheries objectives, and vice versa. Different spatial prioritization methods of using connectivity are appropriate for different contexts, depending on dispersal characteristics, unprotected area contributions, habitat protection targets, and specific management objectives. Comparación entre los métodos de priorización de la conservación espacial con sitio y la conectividad espacial basada en la dependencia     

基于风险的报警优先级量化设定方法研究

当前主流报警优先级设定方法操作性不佳,在进行装置报警系统优化时由于考虑维度少而无法较好优化报警系统优先级,针对该问题,建立了基于风险的报警优先级设定新方法。将标定的风险图法应用于报警优先级设定,假定某报警不存在,对出现危险情况的频率、后果严重度、可用时间、避免事故后果的可能性等进行标定,并对危险状况出现频率与可用时间进行矩阵分析,将结果运用于风险图中;针对某柴油加氢装置报警系统,应用该方法进行了报警优先级优化。结果表明:基于风险的报警优先级量化设定方法能够有效应用于优化装置报警优先级;经该方法优化的各级报警,数量分布更接近EEMUA的推荐值;对于“在所考虑的报警不存在时每年发生事故的次数”因素,研究给出3个不同的档次供企业选择,实践中,企业可结合自身可接受标准,作进一步完善。     

计算机辅助HAZOP技术的研究

在HAZOP原理的基础上,讨论了计算机辅助HAZOP技术的优势,并针对传统的HAZOP、基于深层知识模型SDG的计算机辅助HAZOP和应用PHA-Pro软件3种方法进行了分析和比较;介绍了研发成功的针对开、停车过程和应急阶段顺序颠倒、操作步骤遗漏的人工误操作危险与可操作性分析系统MO-HAZOP;该系统具有定量计算出所有的人工误操作顺序组合的发生概率值,结合现有知识和专家经验,判定事件发生的风险等级,从而有重点地给出预防危险、保障生产安全的建议的功能;MO-HAZOP分析系统对于石化企业的安全生产具有重要意义。     

国内公共卫生安全研究的文献计量分析

为系统掌握国内公共卫生安全领域的研究现状和发展前沿,利用Citespace, Vosviewer, Gephi软件,从发文趋势、期刊分布、作者群落、研究机构、关键词等角度分析公共卫生安全领域研究态势。结果表明:公共卫生安全领域研究呈现萌芽起步-缓慢发展-高度关注3个阶段;载文期刊主要集中在安全科学与医疗卫生领域;领域内核心作者群落尚未形成,中国疾病预防控制中心、复旦大学等为重要研究机构;公共卫生安全研究聚集于校园卫生安全、食品安全、药品安全、传染病防治、环境卫生安全等层面;受新冠肺炎疫情(COVID-19)影响,公共卫生安全治理体系研究热度持续上升。     

序贯数论优化法和侧影图进行河流优化布点

运用序贯数论优化法(SNTO)对监测点进行分类,同时根据分类结果,基于样本之间的相似性和差异性,构造一Rousseuw定义的函数并做侧影图,以确定各属类的最佳代表点,从而遴选出优化了的点位.     

基于图论的海洋平台连锁风险评价

为控制海洋平台连锁风险,基于图论(GT),提出一种新型定性风险评价方法,将分析对象的复杂风险分析转化为图形分析运算。该方法综合考虑研究对象的风险,重点考虑事故可能的发展模式,建立并转换可能发生的事故的连锁图,用图论算法进行图形运算,得到造成结果事故发生的关键路径、最短路径和点割集,设置并优化安全屏障,防止初始事故发生。最后,结合墨西哥湾事故,建立事故连锁图,通过图形变换与运算得到2条最短路径、3条关键路径和2个点割集,并提出风险控制措施。