Influence of air humidity on sampling efficiency of some solid adsorbents used for sampling organics from work-room air

The influence of air humidity on the sampling efficiency of Amberlite XAD porous polymers and activated charcoal was studied by determining the recovery of various organics at 20% and 85% relative humidity. The sampling efficiency of XAD-7 was found to decrease with increasing relative humidity, while the sampling efficiency of XAD-2 and activated charcoal was relatively unaffected for the compounds studied. Activated charcoal had a greater capacity than Amberlite XAD for several types of compounds, however.     

高速微涡活性污泥法提高氧利用效率的研究

概述了高速微涡活性污泥法的工艺特点，并对该法提高氧的转移及利用效率进行了研究和机理分析。     

黄孢原毛平革菌在E段废水中的生长特性与脱色作用

利用GCMS定性分析漂白废水主要发色物质的种类，对黄孢原毛平革菌在抑制条件下的生长与脱色作用进行试验研究，结果表明，废水中各类高分子量有机污染物是形成色度的主要来源，此类物质在菌对数生长阶段被大量降解。     

再接再励,争取更大成绩

本文概述了环境科学技术的特点和在中国的发展情况,展望九十年代环境科学新的发展形势;回顾了随着环境科学技术的发展,《环境科学》杂杂志不断发展与完善的历程,表达编者办好杂志的良好愿望.     

环磷酰胺等三种化学物诱发褐斑大蠊染色体畸变分析

染色体的畸变分析是一种简便易行,经济的遗传毒理学方法,可用来探讨诱变物对生物遗传系统的影响。目前人们多利用鼠类、赤麂及人的培养细胞来进行染色体畸变分析,其它材料很少见,蜚蠊(俗称蟑螂)是一种重要的卫生昆虫,也是一种较好的遗传学研究材料,其分布广泛,与人的日常生活环境密切相关,能否利用它作为一种污染的监测因子呢?我们利用褐斑大蠊(Periplaneta brunnea,Burmeister 1838)进行了初步尝试。     

Biodegradation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol in the presence of primary substrate by immobilized pure culture bacteria

In this study, pure strains that are capable of utilizing 2,4,6-trichlorophenol have been isolated from the mixed culture grown on substrates containing chlorophenolic compounds. Studies have been carried out on the capability of these isolated pure strains in suspended and immobilized forms to decompose 2,4,6-trichlorophenol. Additionally, the influence of primary substrates (e.g., phenol, 2-chlorophenol, 3-chlorophenol, 4-chlorophenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol) on the decomposition of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol by the isolated pure strains grown in immobilized form is also investigated. The results are: Through bacterial isolation and identification, three pure strains have been obtained: Pseudomonas spp. strain 01, Pseudomonas spp. strain 02 and Agrobacterium spp. Whether in suspended or immobilized forms, all strains have poor removal efficiencies of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol. However, addition of 200 mg/l phenol will enable the immobilized Pseudomonas spp. strain 01, and Pseudomonas spp. strain 02 to achieve 65% and 48% removal of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, respectively. Addition of phenol will assist the immobilized Pseudomonas spp. strain 02 in achieving removal of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol but the removal efficiency is not good if the phenol concentration is too low. The optimum phenol concentration should be between 200 and 400 mg/l.     

1株耐盐异养硝化-好氧反硝化菌Zobellella sp.B307的分离及脱氮特性

从胶州湾沉积物中分离出1株异养硝化-好氧反硝化菌株B307,采用16S rRNA基因序列分析对该菌株进行鉴定,采用单因素实验对其进行条件优化和耐盐特性研究,并在最优条件下考察其在单一和混合氮源中的脱氮效果.结果表明,该菌为Zobellella sp.,其最佳碳源为丁二酸钠,最适C/N为5,最适初始p H为9,最适温度为35~40℃.该菌株在混合氮源体系中12 h对NH_4~+-N和NO_3~--N的去除率分别为98.35%和99.75%;在盐度为75 g·L~(-1)(以NaCl计)条件下24 h对NH_4~+-N和NO_3~--N去除率仍分别保持在97.67%和94.39%.表明该菌株具有高效的异养硝化-好氧反硝化能力和较强的耐盐特性,在高盐废水脱氮等领域具有广泛的应用前景.     

基于Logistic方程描述的鱼食和阿特拉津共同作用对铜绿微囊藻生长的影响

在养殖水域中地表径流等可引起水域中除草剂浓度升高,威胁养殖水环境的生态平衡.为评价阿特拉津和鱼食在水环境中的生态风险,以ρ（阿特拉津）（0、5、10、20和40 μg/L）及鱼食（鱼食为MⅡ培养基中的氮、磷营养源）投加量（0.05、0.20 g;d < 0.85 mm）为变量,基于Logistic方程探讨阿特拉津和鱼食共同作用下铜绿微囊藻（Microcystis aeruginosa）的生长,并研究藻类生长对鱼食营养盐的利用.结果表明:在ρ（阿特拉津）为0~40 μg/L范围内,铜绿微囊藻生长曲线均可用Logistic方程描述（R2=0.975~0.996）;一般情况下,基于Logistic方程得到的比生长速率、增殖速率和抑制率拟合公式均可描述相应实测值的变化,相关性分析得到的拟合值与实测值相关系数（R2）分别为0.861~0.992、0.381~0.839和0.621~0.839.相同ρ（阿特拉津）下,鱼食投加量对藻细胞密度有显著影响（P < 0.05）,Logistic方程拟合得到的理论最大藻细胞密度（K）随鱼食投加量的增加而增大.相同鱼食投加量下,ρ（阿特拉津）为5~40 μg/L时对藻类生长有抑制作用,随ρ（阿特拉津）增加,抑制强度逐渐升高,藻细胞密度越低,最大藻细胞密度随ρ（阿特拉津）的增加而减小.藻细胞密度与PO₄3--P利用量之间关系可用方程N=a×△cb描述,R2为0.23~0.99;藻细胞密度与NH₄+-N利用量之间关系可用方程N=a+b×△c描述,R2为0.04~0.99;藻细胞密度与TN/TP、NH₄+-N/TN和PO₄3--P/TP的关系均可用幂函数方程N=a"xb'描述,R2分别为0.72~0.78、0.66~0.83和0.55~0.56.研究显示,Logistic方程可用于分析阿特拉津和鱼食对铜绿微囊藻生长的影响,且藻类生长与营养盐质量浓度之间存在一定的定量关系.      

静压快速启动亚硝酸盐依赖型甲烷厌氧氧化反应

在序批式反应器(SBR)中接种污水厂厌氧池污泥和深层水稻土的1∶1混合污泥,在阶段性提升基质NO_2~--N浓度的条件下,考察静压条件对亚硝酸盐依赖型甲烷厌氧氧化(nitrite-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation,N-DAMO)反应快速启动过程的影响,并对N-DAMO反应的主导微生物的丰度变化进行分析.结果表明运行120 d后,常压(R1)和0.3 MPa静压(R2)条件下,都观测到了明显的N-DAMO现象,并且R2的NO_2~--N去除速率达到了36.90 mg·(L·d)~(-1),较R1提高了24%;其4 h内平均脱氮速率(以NO_2~--N计)达到0.10 mmol·(L·h)~(-1),比R1提高了186%.R2中富集得到的污泥粒径约为R1的2倍,比表面积更大,优化了污泥中甲烷的传质情况,有助于N-DAMO反应的进行,且R2污泥的N-DAMO比活性(以N/VSS计)达到了0.29 mg·(g·h)~(-1),是R1的2倍.此外,静压有助于N-DAMO功能微生物Candidatus Methylomirabilish oxyfera(M.oxyfera)的生长,实验结束时R2中M.oxyfera细菌16S rRNA基因的丰度比接种初期提高了22倍,是同阶段R1中的10倍.可见,提高静压能够有效促进N-DAMO反应的启动.