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101.
自然灾害综合区划的基本类别及定量方法 总被引:11,自引:2,他引:9
依据区域灾害系统论原理,提出了以灾害强度、灾害势、抗灾力和灾度4个状态参量描述的区域自然灾害系统状态,建议以之为基础,将自然灾害综合区划分为灾害强度区划、灾害势区划、抗灾力区划和灾度我划4个基本类别、并结合自然灾害综合区划定量方法的讨论,以实例说明了上述基本类别类别划分的可行性。 相似文献
102.
Differences between scientist and policy-maker response types and times, or the “how” and “when” of action, constrain effective
water resource management in suburbanizing watersheds. Policy-makers are often rushed to find a single policy that can be
applied across an entire, homogeneous, geopolitical region, whereas scientists undertake multiyear research projects to appreciate
the complex interactions occurring within heterogeneous catchments. As a result, watershed management is often practiced with
science and policy out of synch. Meanwhile, development pressures in suburban watersheds create changes in the social and
physical fabric and pose a moving target for science and policy. Recent and anticipated advances in the scientific understanding
of urbanized catchment hydrology and pollutant transport suggest that management should become increasingly sensitive to spatial
heterogeneities in watershed features, such as soil types, terrain slopes, and seasonal watertable profiles. Toward this end,
policy-makers should encourage funding scientific research that characterizes the impacts of these watershed heterogeneities
within a geopolitical zoning and development framework. 相似文献
103.
《中国现代化报告2007——生态现代化研究》回顾了世界生态现代化的历程,总结了经验,介绍了世界生态现代化的基本原理,分析并评价世界各国生态现代化的水平,进而提出中国生态现代化的战略思考。这个研究报告指出了人类社会发展的方向一一生态现代化,为此我国必须进一步落实科学发展观,加快实施可持续发展战略,充分发挥后发优势,努力实现跨越式发展,走综合生态现代化的道路。 相似文献
104.
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106.
George Mulamoottil Robert Farvolden 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1975,11(3):599-604
ABSTRACT: By field investigations and planning, it is profitable to rehabilitate gravel pits as recreational lakes in urban areas. Some of the important aspects to be considered are topography, soil, surface water and groundwater. A case study is presented and some general guidelines in the rehabilitation process are given. This kind of a use for derelict land is important at the present time as there is a growing demand for recreational lakes in urban areas. 相似文献
107.
Judith A. Pickering Richard A. Andrews 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1979,15(4):1039-1049
ABSTRACT: The objective of the study was to evaluate alternative land developments around New Hampshire lakes. Alternative development patterns, evaluated by their impacts on the lake area environment and area economy, included residential patterns, commercial patterns, and combinations of these two types. Phosphorus loading of the lake water was used as a proxy variable for changes in the lake water quality. Commercial developments yielded the highest revenues to the town and the local area. It also attracted the most lake users to the area as well as contributing the largest phosphorus loading in the lake waters. Residential developments, although contributing high revenues to the businessmen in the area, yielded less net income to the town. Phosphorus loading levels from residential developments were much lower than lake phosphorus loading by commercial developments. 相似文献
108.
S. F. Shih 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1980,16(4):724-727
ABSTRACT: The water budget computation in shallow lakes is complicated because marsh vegetation can transpire large quantities of lake water. Thus, a model including the marsh zone evapotranspiration (WET) was developed to compute the water budget for Lake Okeechobee. Three periods of testing (1969–74), planning (1963–74), and recorded period (1952–77) were used to compare the differences of the sum of storage deviation between the WET and conventional methods (WOET). Results of the WOET method showed that the sum of stage deviations were 87.42 cm (2.868 ft.), 231.80 cm (7.605 ft.), and 284.50 cm (9.333 ft.) in the testing, planning, and recorded periods, respectively. These stage deviations are equivalent in the same order to 29, 76, and 93 percent of the lake volume. In general, the WET method not only was applicable to compute the water budget for the lake but also reduced the sum of storage deviation by about 42, 31, and 49 percent, respectively, in those three periods. The storage deviation in WET method was reduced on an average to about 2 percent each year in all three periods, and the deviations were scattered more randomly than in WOET. 相似文献
109.
ABSTRACT: To investigate the magnitude of denitrification and assimilatory nitrate reduction as these reactions relate to the fate of nitrate reaching sediments via groundwater seepage, undisturbed core samples of sediments (40 cm length) from two lakes (Mendota and Tomahawk) were leached from the bottom (at 1.4 cm/day) with a solution of 15N-nitrate (10 mg N/liter). The sediment columns were fitted with Pt electrodes to measure the oxidation-reduction (Eh) potential. While leaching removed considerable ammonium-N and soluble organic N, essentially no 15N had passed through the columns by 50 days. The Eh readings indicated that denitrification was occurring in the lower portions of the columns. The 15N distribution of the sediment N after 50 days showed that about 15 to 26% of the added nitrate-N was converted to organic N and ammonium-N. The data show that denitrification can be a significant N sink in seepage lakes. 相似文献
110.
In the framework of dynamic morphology theory, the centers of gravity and geometric centers of projections have been determined for the bodies of more than 182 forms of invertebrates, and these data have been used to distinguish four types of dynamic body shapes. It has been demonstrated that specific dynamic types of body shape are characteristic of individual taxa. In addition, there are a group of “transformers,” which may assume any dynamic type of shape, and a group of invertebrates with one predominant dynamic type. 相似文献