航班起飞过程的风险识别与控制

飞机起飞阶段是事故多发阶段,为了进行风险识别与控制,设计了定性判别方法和定量计算仿真算法,并以具体飞机坠毁事故为例分析了安全裕度.分别计算了飞机冲出跑道的速度、距离和逃生时间.中断起飞的速度与时间,是火灾发生后的判断关键,也构成了飞机起飞事故的裕度.结果表明,中断起飞的安全裕度比坠毁的大,且关于中断起飞的规定有矛盾之处;用于逃生的90 s规则高于中断起飞的决断速度的限制规定.该分析方法为处理危急时刻的两难决策问题提供了理论指导.     

GHS化学品危险性分类及其公示要素(上)

概述了全球化学品统一分类和标签制度（GHS）的产生背景、推行GHS的重要意义,介绍了GHS关于化学品危险性分类和公示要素的主要内容,评估了我国现行化学品危险性分类与GHS分类的差异点,并对我国全面实施GHS提出了若干对策建议。     

大气监测网络通信系统设计与实现

根据监测网络通信的特点,设计了大气监测网络通信体系,并在系统中引入了学习算法和缓存机制,有效地提高了大气监测网络通信系统的灵活性和效率。     

吸烟室内污染对家庭成员呼吸系统健康的影响

应用“家庭健康问卷调查”的方法,对中国兰州,重庆,武汉,广州４城市８所小学中的儿童家庭进行“吸烟室内污染对家庭成员呼吸系统健康的影响”调查,结果表明,吸烟的家庭比不吸烟的家庭室内污染严重,对人体健康有明显影响,其儿童患感冒咳嗽咳痰,支气管等病症的发生率,父亲吸烟的家庭比不吸烟的家庭要高出２倍６倍。     

The accounting method and application of CO2 emissions responsibility by the electricity sector at the provincial level in China

When accounting the CO₂ emissions responsibility of the electricity sector at the provincial level in China,it is of great significance to consider the scope of both producers’ and the consumers’ responsibility,since this will promote fairness in defining emission responsibility and enhance cooperation in emission reduction among provinces.This paper proposes a new method for calculating carbon emissions from the power sector at the provincial level based on the shared responsibility principle and taking into account interregional power exchange.This method can not only be used to account the emission responsibility shared by both the electricity production side and the consumption side,but it is also applicable for calculating the corresponding emission responsibility undertaken by those provinces with net electricity outflow and inflow.This method has been used to account for the carbon emissions responsibilities of the power sector at the provincial level in China since 2011.The empirical results indicate that compared with the production-based accounting method,the carbon emissions of major power-generation provinces in China calculated by the shared responsibility accounting method are reduced by at least 10%,but those of other power-consumption provinces are increased by 20% or more.Secondly,based on the principle of shared responsibility accounting,Inner Mongolia has the highest carbon emissions from the power sector while Hainan has the lowest.Thirdly,four provinces,including Inner Mongolia,Shanxi,Hubei and Anhui,have the highest carbon emissions from net electricity outflow- 14 million t in 2011,accounting for 74.42% of total carbon emissions from net electricity outflow in China.Six provinces,including Hebei,Beijing,Guangdong,Liaoning,Shandong,and Jiangsu,have the highest carbon emissions from net electricity inflow- 11 million t in 2011,accounting for 71.44% of total carbon emissions from net electricity inflow in China.Lastly,this paper has estimated the emission factors of electricity consumption at the provincial level,which can avoid repeated calculations when accounting the emission responsibility of power consumption terminals（e.g.construction,automobile manufacturing and other industries）.In addition,these emission factors can also be used to account the emission responsibilities of provincial power grids.     

长江流域地质—生态环境的演化机制及综合自然灾害区划

地质－生态环境是新一轮国土资源大调查的新概念, 同时也是现代地学研究的一个重要的范畴,在分析地质－生态环境系统及其演变的动力学机制的基础上,本文首先探索了长江流域地质－生态环境的演化机制,结合其自然环境状况,揭示了长江流域自然灾害形成的综合机制及其分布规律;并在此基础上,依托图文信息可视化系统技术手段,采取自上而下和自下而上两种进行综合自然灾害区划,其区划等级体系为3个自然灾害区和9个自然灾害亚区,为合理利用自然资源及防治自然灾害和环境退化提供了基本依据。     

对地观测技术在重大自然灾害监测与评估中的应用实例分析

对地观测技术可提供大范围、多时相、高分辨率的海量数据,用于自然灾害的监测与评估有其极大的优越性。本文叙述了对地观测技术在洪涝灾害、沙尘天气、森林火灾的监测与评估和地震形变场研究中的应用,并指出对地观测技术是建立数字减灾系统不可或缺的强大信息源。     

城郊土壤共存元素对土壤作物系统Cd、Pb迁移的影响分析——以白银市城郊区为例

通过共存元素对土壤小麦系统Cd、Pb行为影响的调查研究发现：大田条件下共存元素以正对数模式与根系Cd、Pb密切相关,同种元素间相关程度最高;根系Cd、Pb积累主要取决于土壤环境Cd、Pb的含量,共存元素也产生一定的影响,认为要防止重金属通过食物链对人类的危害,就必须降低土壤环境中重金属的总量。     

聚焦ISO 14001标准 创建生态旅游岛

结合鼓浪屿区实施ISO14001标准,探讨了其意义,实施步骤和特点,可为其它风景名胜区建立环境管理体系所借鉴。     

生态城市的构架理论研究

生态城市的建设是可持续发展战略的一项重要内容。近几年关于生态城市的研究较多,然而生态城市的构架体系至今不明确。文章探讨了生态城市的内涵、特征和指标体系等构架理论,提出了创建生态城市的基本策略,以期推动我国生态城市的建设工作。