试论土壤的生态肥力及其培育

探讨了“土壤生态肥力”的概念。所谓土壤生态肥力是指在一定的环境条件下,土壤及其生物群落（包括动物和微生物）之间长期协同进化、相互适应、相互作用而表现出来的一种和谐共融特性,以及在该特性状态下土壤保证植物生长所需物质与能量的可获得性和可持续性的一种功能与能力。在此基础上,提出了表征土壤生态肥力的一套诊断指标和有关土壤生态肥力的培育措施。     

内蒙古呼伦贝尔市草原火灾危害度评价及预测

以呼伦贝尔市1994-2005年的草原火灾为研究对象,基于灰色关联度法、系统聚类分析法,引用草原火灾危害度指数(HI),对每年草原火灾危害度进行评价,并借助灰色灾变预测法对危害度大的年份进行预测,预测到未来2个危害度大的年份是2014、2026年。     

秦皇岛市城市绿地对气候环境的调节作用

通过对秦皇岛草面、沥青表面、水泥表面和裸露地表4种表面温度观测的数据,分析了不同地表表面温度在夏季不同天气条件下温度的变化规律与差异,阐述了草地在城市气候环境调节中的作用。统计结果表明,夏季各表面温度从高到低的次序为:沥青、水泥、裸土和草面温度。在不同的地表面中,夜间基本均以草面温度最低。各表面的最低温度出现在日出前,各表面的平均最高温度出现在12～14时之间。在夏季晴朗的白天,中午各表面温度达到一日中的最高。草面的温度远低于沥青和水泥表面的温度,白天平均温度差异达到10.0℃左右。     

Stakeholder participation in sustainability assessment of non-wicked problems: The case of a future seaweed industry in Sweden

Acceptance by, and cooperation with relevant stakeholders in developing new sustainability initiatives when they are generally perceived as positive, is one of the keys for successful implementation of such new sustainability initiatives later on. It is remarkable, however, that ample literature exists about involving stakeholders in research projects focusing on problems with diverging views (controversy) around facts and values (wicked problems), but there is very little literature addressing whether and how to involve relevant stakeholders in case of initiatives where diverging norms and values do not play a (substantial) role, like in sustainability assessment for a future seaweed industry. This perspectives paper addresses that gap, and explores how to design such sustainability assessment, illustrated by how stakeholder interaction influenced the assessment and its results for a future seaweed industry in Sweden, followed by a discussion whether and how a similar approach may benefit sustainability assessment of other non-wicked sustainability initiatives.     

垃圾渗滤混合液启动ANAMMOX反应器研究

试验研究了采用垃圾渗滤混合液启动厌氧氨氧化反应器的可行性.试验结果表明,采用高负荷培养法可在161天内成功启动厌氧氨氧化生物反应器.随着厌氧氨氧化生物反应器的启动进程的推进,硝态氮和氨氮去除量的比值逐渐缩小,且趋于稳定.在厌氧氨氧化活性稳定阶段,硝态氮和氨氮去除量的平均比值为1.19,进出水碱度和pH值趋向一致.厌氧氨氧化生物反应器启动过程中,硝态氮和氨氮去除量的比值和反应器内碱度、pH值的变化可指示厌氧氨氧化生物反应器的启动状况.     

下山桩过渡栽培技术的研究

为了保证下山桩能够成活、提高其成活率并形成树桩的骨架,从素材选择、采掘、过渡栽培3方面研究了新掘树桩的过渡栽培技术。     

应用微生物技术改善育鳖池水质的实验研究

温室有砂育鳖的水质恶化是育鳖中经常遇到的棘手问题。采用光合细菌 (PSB)、硝化细菌 (NB)、玉垒菌 (S30 )等有益微生物进行温室有砂育鳖 ,结果表明 ,有益微生物联合使用可以有效分解底泥中污染物 ,去除水体中的有机物、氨氮、亚硝态氮 ,减少换水次数 ,节约用水量 ,并起到保护环境的作用     

洪涝对水稻的危害及其抗灾减灾的栽培措施

就洪涝灾害对水稻生长发育和产量的危害,及其影响水稻洪涝灾害的因素进行了综述,并讨论了水稻抗灾减灾的栽培措施,包括合理安排栽培季节种植耐涝品种、水稻耐涝栽培和灾后补救等。     

广东旱坡地春玉米高产栽培研究──以河源市灯塔盆地为例

本文在对河源市灯塔盆地的旱坡地进行春玉米高产栽培试验示范研究的基础上,根据玉米的生物学特性,提出了旱坡地春植玉米的适宜品种、播种期和高产栽培技术措施,为广东省充分利用旱坡地资源,发展玉米生产提供了科学依据.     

A Framework for Assessing Supply‐Side Wildlife Conservation

Market‐based, supply‐side interventions such as domestication, cultivation, and wildlife farming have been proposed as legal substitutes for wild‐collected plants and animals in the marketplace. Based on the literature, we devised a list of the conditions under which supply‐side interventions may yield positive conservation outcomes. We applied it to the trade of the orchid Rhynchostylis gigantea, a protected ornamental plant. We conducted a survey of R. gigantea at Jatujak Market in Bangkok, Thailand. Farmed (legal) and wild (illegal, protected) specimens of R. gigantea were sold side‐by‐side at market. These results suggest farmed specimens are not being substituted for wild plants in the marketplace. For any given set of physical plant characteristics (size, condition, flowers), the origin of the plants (wild vs. farmed) did not affect price. For all price classes, farmed plants were of superior quality to wild‐collected plants on the basis of most physical variables. These results suggest wild and farmed specimens represent parallel markets and may not be substitutable goods. Our results with R. gigantea highlight a range of explanations for why supply‐side interventions may lack effectiveness, for example, consumer preferences for wild‐collected products and low financial incentives for farming. Our results suggest that market‐based conservation strategies may not be effective by themselves and may be best utilized as supplements to regulation and education. This approach represents a broad, multidisciplinary evaluation of supply‐side interventions that can be applied to other plant and animal species. Un Marco de Referencia para Evaluar la Oferta de la Conservación de Vida Silvestre