低Reynolds数雨滴表面流体滑移及重力效应对粒子清除的影响

采用拉格朗日法求解了低Reynolds数雨滴以终端下落速度时对大气气溶胶粒子的捕集效率,为考察雨滴表面流体滑移效应,采用Hadamard-Rybczynski流场描述低Reynolds数下雨滴的绕流特征,数值计算中考虑了粒子的惯性碰撞与拦截捕集机理,分析和讨论了雨滴表面流体滑移及粒子重力效应作用对粒子捕集效率的影响.结果表明,若忽略雨滴表面流体滑移及粒子的重力效应,则数值计算结果与已有分析结果一致.当考虑雨滴表面流体滑移效应,则粒子捕集效率有一定程度增加,增加幅度与雨滴尺寸、粒子尺度及粒子密度等参量均有关.粒子所受的重力对雨滴捕集粒子的能力起削弱作用,其削弱程度依赖于粒子拦截参数(R)和Stokes数(St)的大小,在0.2St0.3区间,重力作用对粒子捕集的削弱作用最为显著.     

Scotch Pine Pollen under Conditions of Environmental Stress

Environmental conditions causing stress have a significant effect on the generative organs of Scotch pine. The parameters characterizing pine pollen are subject to significant interannual variations and are closely connected with weather and climatic conditions in the period of pollen formation. Airborne pollutants affect the quality of pine pollen, which is especially apparent in the years favorable for the formation of microspores. The ability of Scotch pine pollen to germinate and form pollen tubes in the regions with different technogenic loads proved to be significantly lower than in tree stands of the background areas.     

The centers of gravity and dynamic types of body shape of terrestrial invertebrates

In the framework of dynamic morphology theory, the centers of gravity and geometric centers of projections have been determined for the bodies of more than 182 forms of invertebrates, and these data have been used to distinguish four types of dynamic body shapes. It has been demonstrated that specific dynamic types of body shape are characteristic of individual taxa. In addition, there are a group of “transformers,” which may assume any dynamic type of shape, and a group of invertebrates with one predominant dynamic type.     

武都碾压混凝土重力坝抗震分析与安全评价

武都水库是四川省江油市境内的涪江干流上的大(1)型水利工程。汶川8级地震中,武都水库工程紧邻震中区附近,并正处于施工高峰期,大地震对武都水库工程已建和在建的40多个项目均有不同程度的损坏。分别采用水工建筑物抗震设计规范给定的地震动参数值和地震后复核确定的地震动参数值,对武都大坝进行抗震分析与安全性评价。计算表明,当设计设防加速度256cm/s2时,按规范规定的悬臂梁法进行抗震计算时,均满足现行抗震规范的要求。按平面有限元计算时局部拉应力超出规范的允许值,建议挡水坝段下游坝面折坡附近以及溢流坝段在导墙与边墩交接处附近提高混凝土的强度等级。鉴于坝踵、坝址部位局部范围内仍有较大水平的拉应力,建议自建基面的一定高度内应确保混凝土的浇筑质量,以确保大坝的抗震强度安全。     

晋中城市群县域可达性及经济联系格局研究

以晋中城市群为研究对象,运用加权平均旅行时间和引力模型分析了2000—2018年晋中城市群县域单元可达性水平及经济联系的时空演变格局。结果表明:(1)晋中城市群县域单元的可达性水平显著提升但地域分布不均衡,受地形和距离因素的影响存在"断崖式"梯度变化和"中心高、边缘低"的圈层式空间分布特征。(2)晋中城市群县域单元的经济联系强度持续增强,其空间分布格局具有显著的廊道指向特征和行政区指向特征。(3)晋中城市群核心区域的辐射带动作用显著,不同县域单元对外经济联系能力差异较大,但城市群内部的发展差距在逐渐缩小。     

Hyperechogenic fetal bowel and Down syndrome. Results of a French collaborative study based on 680 prospective cases

Hyperechogenic fetal bowel is prenatally detected by ultrasound during the second trimester of pregnancy in 0.1% to 1.8% of foetuses. It has been described as a normal variant and has often been associated with severe diseases, notably Down syndrome. The aim of the present study was to determine the risk of trisomy 21 in a prospective study of 680 fetuses with hyperechogenic foetal bowel. Karyotyping was performed on amniotic cells in 632 cases, and outcome was known in 655 cases. A 2.5% risk of Down syndrome and a 1% risk of other severe chromosomal anomalies were observed. Hyperechogenicity was isolated in 11/17 Down syndrome cases, and associated with other ultrasound anomalies in all seven cases of severe chromosomal anomalies. In conclusion, fetal bowel hyperechogenicity indicates a risk of chromosomal anomalies ten-fold higher than that expected on the basis of maternal age, therefore justifying invasive procedures. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.