LSH-02G克劳斯尾气加氢催化剂的开发及应用

介绍了LSH-02G克劳斯尾气加氢催化剂的生产工艺及工业应用情况。LSH-02G催化剂具有一定的大孔,可减少CO在催化剂孔道中的停留时间,显著提高催化剂的COS水解率。LSH-02G催化剂工业应用结果表明：装置在80％、100％和110％负荷下运行,各项参数运行正常,急冷水pH稳定在7.8~8.0,急冷塔顶在线氢气含量（φ）维持在1.8%~2.2%,加氢反应器无SO₂穿透。加氢反应器中SO₂加氢转化率均为100％,COS水解率均在92%以上,符合普光天然气净化厂加氢催化剂技术规格书要求（SO₂加氢转化率100％,COS水解率达90%以上）。     

粗粒化法处理乳化食用油脂废水的研究

采用W型和H型改性聚丙烯纤维作为粗粒化材料，能有效处理乳化食用油脂废水，某些指标显示H型比W型具有更好的除油性能。废水流速和粗粒化材料填充量，是影响粗粒化除油效果的两个重要工艺操作参数，在最佳流速和适当填充量下，能使粗粒化取得最佳最经济的效果。超过一定浓度的表面活性剂存在，会影响粗粒化除油的效果；废水的温度对粗粒化除油的效果影响不大。实际处理餐饮废水的试验结果表明，采用粗粒化技术能有效降低餐饮废水中的含油量，并能大幅降低COD的浓度，有利于后续的生化处理。     

1000kt／a柴油加氢改质装置清洁生产分析与评价

对石化公司在建的1000kt/a柴油加氢改质装置的清洁生产情况进行了综述和分析评价，为建成投产后的生产运行提供了依据。如何降低污染物的排放，保护环境，实现清洁生产，这是分公司实施可持续发展战略的重要措施。     

Preparation of jet engine range fuel from biomass pyrolysis oil through hydrogenation and its comparison with aviation kerosene

The Bio-oil was produced from the pyrolysis of agricultural wastes (Eucalyptus sawdust) and discarded soybean frying oil. The temperature of the pyrolysis system was initiated at 28°C and increased to 850°C. Atmospheric distillation of crude bio-oil was performed and a fraction at a temperature range 160–240°C (pyrolysis oil) was separated and subjected to GC-MS, ¹H-NMR, TGA and FTIR analysis to identify the different properties and compounds present in pyrolysis oil. It was noticed that there was an abundance of oxygen and nitrogen containing compounds as well as other reactive species in pyrolysis oil. To reduce the amount of these species, the pyrolysis oil was subjected to hydrogenation in the presence of NiMo as a catalyst. After hydrogenation, the atmospheric distillation of hydrogenated bio-oil was performed and another fraction at temperature range 160–240°C (hydrogenated bio-oil) was separated and analyzed by the same techniques. It was noticed that during hydrogenation, more than 60% oxygenated and other reactive species were converted into hydrocarbons. Hydrogenated bio-oil showed very similar physico-chemical properties such as distillation curve, density, viscosity, freezing point, flash point, the presence of hydrocarbons and enthalpy of combustion as aviation kerosene also known as QAV-1.     

纳米零价铁及其双金属体系对菲的降解研究

以实验室合成的纳米零价铁(n ZVI)及其双金属(n ZVI/Cu和n ZVI/Ni)为反应材料,对菲(Phenanthrene)的去除进行研究.表征结果表明:纳米颗粒平均粒径均为80~100 nm,主要以α-Fe0的形式存在.批实验结果表明,5 g·L-1的n ZVI,n ZVI/Cu和n ZVI/Ni对菲溶液均有去除效果,其去除效率依次为n ZVI/Nin ZVI/Cun ZVI.溶液初始p H为7.5时,5 g·L-1的n ZVI/Ni去除88%0.5 mg·L-1的菲只需3 h,而n ZVI/Cu和n ZVI分别需要29 h和40 h.3种纳米铁对菲的去除率均随着n ZVI投加量的增加而升高,随着菲溶液初始浓度的增加而降低.反应温度的升高可提高n ZVI/Ni对菲的去除效率,高温时(≥30℃)菲的降解遵循一级反应动力学模型.p H对反应影响不大.GC-MS结果表明,n ZVI/Ni降解菲溶液主要为催化加氢反应,而n ZVI/Cu和n ZVI对菲溶液的去除主要为吸附作用.     

碳二馏分加氢反应装置火灾爆炸危险性评价

运用美国道化学公司的火灾爆炸危险指数评价方法 (第七版 ) ,对碳二馏分加氢反应装置的火灾爆炸危险性进行了定量计算和评价 ,其结果表明 ,该装置的火灾爆炸危险等级为“非常大”。为了降低该装置的危险程度 ,笔者提出了采取有效的安全补偿措施 ,以降低单元的危险程度的新思路。通过分析表明 ,针对部分补偿系数对装置进行安全改进 ,能有效地降低其危险性等级 ,同时可以为避免重大危险源火灾爆炸事故 ,提供切实可行的手段和途径。     

琥珀山庄污水处理厂污泥上浮的成因与控制

污水处理厂的污泥上浮会影响污水处理系统的操作、运行和出水水质.活性污泥上浮以后,如不及时处理会造成污泥大量流失、氧化沟内MLSS值降低、微生物量锐减,导致运行彻底失败.本文以合肥市琥珀山庄污水处理厂的工艺运行为实例,寻求活性污泥上浮的原因及其控制对策.通过多年的观察与实践,认为污泥上浮的主要原因有污泥老化与腐化、污泥反硝化、冲击负荷、曝气过度、污泥携油上浮等.实践表明,气温、气压和水温的变化也是污泥上浮的重要原因.常用的控制污泥上浮的方法有增加污泥回流量、及时排除剩余污泥、降低混合液浓度、缩短污泥龄、降低溶解氧、消除沉淀池的死角区、加大池底坡度以及改进池底刮泥设备等.     

中压加氢裂化装置危险和可操作性研究

针对中压加氢裂化生产过程存在很大的火灾、爆炸、毒害等危险性的特点，以加氢裂化反应器出口至冷高压分离器进口之间管线为分析节点，对工艺参数流量可能发生的各种偏差进行了危险和可操作性研究，找出了偏差发生的原因及可能导致的后果，提出了相应的控制措施，对提高装置的安全可靠性，预防和减少事故发生具有重要作用。     

解脂耶氏酵母菌处理含油废水的研究

利用解脂耶氏酵母菌在最佳降解条件下分别处理色拉油、餐饮油等油脂类废水和柴油、机油等石油类废水50 h.结果表明:该菌株能快速降解油脂,在油质量浓度≤2 000 mg/L时生化反应属于一级反应,对色拉油、餐饮油中油脂的降解率分别为93.30%和85.08%,同时菌体细胞大量生长,其生物量分别为1 652.7和1 940.0 mg/L,废水处理过程中pH稳定在3～4之间;但该菌对石油的降解率低,生成的生物量少,处理后废水pH维持在6～7之间.解脂耶氏酵母菌对油的降解与自身生物量的生成有关,该菌株降解油脂类和石油类物质的途径不同,产生的脂酶系统不同,使得废水的pH变化规律不相同.      

Understanding the electrode reaction process of dechlorination of 2,4-dichlorophenol over Ni/Fe nanoparticles: Effect of pH and 2,4-dichlorophenol concentration

Herein,with the exploitation of iron and nickel electrodes,the 2,4-dichlorophenol(2,4-DCP)dechlorinating processes at the anode and cathode,respectively,were separately studied via various electrochemical techniques(e.g.,Tafel polarization,linear polarization,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy).With this in mind,Ni/Fe nanoparticles were prepared by chemical solution deposition,and utilized to test the dechlorination activities of 2,4-DCP over a bimetallic system.For the iron anode,the results showed that higher 2,4-DCP concentration and solution acidity aggravated the corrosion within the electrode.The charge transfer resistance(R_(ct))values of the iron electrode were 703,473,444,and 437Ω·cm~2 for the initial 2,4-DCP concentrations of0,20,50,and 80 mg/L,respectively.When the bulk pH of the 2,4-DCP solution varied from 3.0,5.0to 7.0,the corresponding R_(ct) values were 315,376,and 444Ω·cm~2,respectively.For the nickel cathode,the reduction current densities on the electrode at-0.75 V(vs.saturated calomel electrode)were 80,106,and 111μA/cm~2,for initial 2,4-DCP concentrations of 40,80,and125 mg/L.The dechlorination experiments demonstrated that when the initial pH of the solution was 7.0,5.0,and 3.0,the dechlorination percentage of 2,4-DCP by Ni/Fe nanoparticles was 62%,69%,and 74%,respectively,which was in line with the electrochemical experiments.10 wt.%Ni loading into Ni/Fe bimetal was affordable and gave a good dechlorination efficiency of 2,4-DCP,and fortunately the Ni/Fe nanoparticles remained comparatively stable in the dechlorination processes at pH 3.0.