社区循环经济建设中存在问题及对策建议——以上海市闵行区为例

社区作为社会经济中最终的消费者,是循环经济建设中重要的一环。通过对上海市闵行区典型居住区的居委、物业工作人员和小区居民开展问卷调查,了解小区层次和居民家庭层次上节水、节能、资源回收利用等现状,以及居民绿色消费意识、对循环经济的认知程度和参与积极性等情况,分析了闵行区社区开展循环经济建设的基础及存在问题,并提出针对性建议。     

Correcting common misconceptions to inspire conservation action in urban environments

Despite repeated calls to action, proposals for urban conservation are often met with surprise or scepticism. There remains a pervasive narrative in policy, practice, and the public psyche that urban environments, although useful for engaging people with nature or providing ecosystem services, are of little conservation value. We argue that the tendency to overlook the conservation value of urban environments stems from misconceptions about the ability of native species to persist within cities and towns and that this, in turn, hinders effective conservation action. However, recent scientific evidence shows that these assumptions do not always hold. Although it is generally true that increasing the size, quality, and connectivity of habitat patches will improve the probability that a species can persist, the inverse is not that small, degraded, or fragmented habitats found in urban environments are worthless. In light of these findings we propose updated messages that guide and inspire researchers, practitioners, and decision makers to undertake conservation action in urban environments: consider small spaces, recognize unconventional habitats, test creative solutions, and use science to minimize the impacts of future urban development.     

坝上高原栗钙土退化的一些特征

坝上高原生境脆弱与人为不合理活动的叠加影响,导致票钙土退化。表现为土壤代换量降低,养分含量减少,有机复合体破坏;松结合态、稳结合仓和紧结合态腐殖质下降,其下降率依序为21％～34％、44％～55．5％和5％～62％。     

淄博某热电厂粉煤灰双免砖的研制

研究了粉煤灰的用量、成型水分、粘结剂的种类及用量、外加剂的种类及用量、养护时间等因素对粉煤灰双免砖的影响,探讨了粘结剂的作用机理.     

低频超声协同Fe-Ni-Mn/Al_2O_3催化降解酸性绿B的研究

采用低频超声与Fe-Ni-Mn/Al2O3催化剂协同降解偶氮染料酸性绿B模拟废水,考察染料初始浓度和pH值、催化剂、饱和气体及H2O2等因素对酸性绿B降解效果的影响,结果表明:催化剂Fe-Ni-Mn/Al2O3与低频超声存在协同效应,催化剂的最佳投加量为6 g/L;酸性条件有利于染料的超声降解,当pH=3.8时,可取得最佳的降解效果;酸性绿B降解率随初始浓度的增大而降低,其优化初始浓度为100 mg/L,此外,在反应体系中鼓入饱和气体也可促进酸性B的降解,且影响顺序为混合气体(air+Ar)>氧气>氩气;在反应过程中投加H2O2有利于染料降解率的提高.在优化实验条件下降解150 min,酸性绿B色度去除率达到91.4%.     

环境与经济综合核算的系统动力学模型

环境与经济综合核算（绿色GDP核算）是最主要的评价经济增长真实状况的手段之一。然而,绿色GDP的核算在国内外却备受争议。其原因就在于核算方式是不完整的、静态的、事后核算和分项计算的,对转变经济增长方式的指导意义有限。为了克服绿色GDP核算中存在的问题,首次提出了系统动力学绿色GDP核算方法,充分发挥了系统动力学结构功能分析的特点,将复杂的绿色GDP核算内容,统一在一个动态的、预测型的、具有反馈特征的模型之中;为经济增长方式的调整提供了充分的信息和调节端口;此外,绿色GDP系统动力学核算模型还可以作为一个核算和政策模拟平台,通过不断完善、调整而长期使用。     

绿色水处理剂的研究进展

介绍了绿色水处理剂的概念,对绿色水处理剂的类型、性能及研究现状进行了简要阐述,指出了绿色水处理剂存在的问题,展望了绿色水处理剂的发展趋势.     

绿色絮凝剂PAS的性能及混凝机理探讨

通过向聚硅酸中加入一种高价亲生物环保的金属离子Ti⁴⁺,制备了一种适合处理长江水的绿色絮凝剂PAS,并且通过实验确定了其处理长江水的最佳处理条件：酸性聚硅酸与Ti金属盐溶液复合,n_Ti/n_Si=0.3;投加量为10 mg/L（以Ti⁴⁺计）,pH=6～8,UV254的去除率＞61.7％,浊度去除率＞99％。PAS的混凝效果明显优于聚合铝和聚硅铝,而且矾花形成迅速,絮体密实、沉降快、出水更加清澈,无残留铝。Ti也是亲生物金属,健康环保。因此,PAS是绿色环保友好型絮凝剂,可作为饮用水专用絮凝剂。观察所形成絮体的形貌以及观测红外光谱图均发现,絮凝剂对胶体颗粒污染物有较好的架桥网捕与络合反应作用。     

Enhancement of phenanthrene adsorption on a clayey soil and clay minerals by coexisting lead or cadmium

Phenanthrene is commonly present together with heavy metals at many contaminated sites. This study investigated the influence of coexisting lead (Pb²⁺) or cadmium (Cd²⁺) on phenanthrene adsorption on soils. Batch experiments were conducted under different geochemical conditions including pH, mineral structure, organic matter content, and varying amounts of heavy metals. The results showed that the presence of heavy metals in solution at a fixed pH of 5.8 ± 0.1 enhanced phenanthrene adsorption, the extent of which was closely related to the concentrations and the electro-negativity of the metals. The enhancement on phenanthrene adsorption was positively correlated to the amount of adsorbed metals. Although Cd²⁺ is a softer Lewis acid, Pb²⁺ displayed a more significant effect as it was adsorbed to a greater extent on the soil surfaces. Thus, density of cation accumulation appears to be more influential than metal softness in enhancing phenanthrene adsorption. Moreover, with a portion of organic matter removed by heating at 550 °C, there was a stronger enhancement of phenanthrene adsorption by coexisting Pb²⁺, indicating an increasingly dominant mechanisms associated with Pb²⁺ at a lower organic matter content. Similar enhancement phenomenon was observed on bentonite and kaolinite, probably resulting from the cation-π bonding between the adsorbed soft metal cations and the aromatic ring of phenanthrene in solution. The desorption experiments further suggested that the bonding of phenanthrene adsorption was strengthened in the presence of Pb²⁺ and that a larger proportion of adsorbed phenanthrene remained on the soils (residual fraction) even after sequential methanol extractions. Further spectroscopic analyses and surface characterization are required to provide direct evidence of the formation and relative significance of cation-π bond for phenanthrene adsorption.