廊道与源地协调的国土空间生态安全格局构建

构建生态联系紧密且生态干扰更小的生态安全格局,是平衡国土空间规划中生态保护与经济社会发展的重要手段。在国土空间中,为形成廊道与源地的协调与保护兼顾的生态安全格局,以环洞庭湖区域33个县（区）为例,针对核心生态源地与自然廊道、经济社会源地与人工廊道分别形成的生态格局、城镇格局,揭示两者之间生态关键点及生态干扰点的分布特征,并差异化应对。结果表明：（1）为促进生态要素的空间联系,1537条生态廊道应纳入生态安全格局中,908处生态关键点需要保护,而0.48%的经济社会源地面积应退让给自然廊道。（2）受干扰的核心生态源地面积占比和自然廊道长度占比分别为1.36%、12.95%,8800处生态干扰点可采取缓冲、预警等主要应对策略,以协同发展自然—人工系统。（3）为满足生态保护用地应持续增加的需求,非核心生态源地内,面积分别为203.22 km²、125.67 km²、35.59 km²的一、二、三级自然廊道可分批作为生态安全格局未来发展的储备用地。研究结果可为协调国土空间规划体系中生态用地与城镇建设用地提供参考。     

江苏省县域“三生”功能时空变化及协同/权衡关系

揭示江苏省县域“三生”功能的时空关联特征及协同/权衡关系,可为县域空间规划布局提供理论支持。从生产—生活—生态三个维度构建国土空间三生功能识别体系,以空间自相关和相关系数法定量测算江苏省55个县域1996年、2005年、2015年三个时期的“三生”功能时间效应及协同/权衡关系。结果表明：（1）江苏省“三生”功能生态位宽度变化各异,空间分布各具特色,具体表现为：1996-2015年生产功能生态位宽度时序上总体呈增长状态,变化过程具阶段性;空间上呈“南高北低”格局特征,长江南岸条带状集中分布,长江北岸则呈多集聚斑块状。1996-2015年生活功能生态位宽度不断压缩,空间上具以市辖区为中心向外同心圆衰减规律。1996-2015年生态功能生态位宽度不断增大,空间上生态功能生态位宽度具依山傍水呈高值特征。（2）江苏省1996-2015年间,生产功能、生活功能、生态功能均有随时间变化正相关类型（高高、低低）集聚明显,“组团”式分布;负相关类型（高低、低高）集聚性低,“离散”状分布规律。 （3）生产与生活功能存在空间协同关系,生产与生态功能呈协同/权衡波动变化态势,生活功能与生态功能变化趋势类似于生产与生态功能,交叉变化更明显,不同年份协同/权衡关系在不同单元有明显差异。研究表明,以上特征均与区域经济社会发展有较强的吻合性,未来应逐步改变以生产功能过速扩张压缩生活、生态功能的现象,应以保护生态环境、提升生活质量实现“三生”更加协同。     

长江经济带国土空间纠错实施机制——以江苏省仪征市和张家港市为例

国土空间纠错是自然资源管理部门落实“统一行使所有国土空间用途管制职责”的重要手段,是国土空间管控和治理的重要内容。以江苏省仪征市和张家港市为例,探究国土空间错配类型、表现形式及成因,尝试构建国土空间纠错实施机制,以期为长江经济带国土空间用途管制制度构建提供理论和实践参考。研究结果表明：（1）国土空间错配类型主要有：因规划欠合理、规划缺乏、规划冲突引起的错配,城镇、农业、生态三大空间现状用途错配,因劳动力、资本、土地错配及环境规制要求引起的行业错配,因资源过度利用或低效利用引起的强度错配。（2）针对不同错配类型,可从建立“三线”协调机制、构建“全流程、多主体、多路径”分类纠错机制、完善国土空间用途管制制度、建立国土综合整治和生态修复保障机制及动态监管机制等角度入手,构建国土空间纠错机制体系。研究结果可为长江经济带国土空间纠错、国土空间用途管制、国土空间优化提供理论和实践参考。     

Walking in “wild” and “tended” urban forests: The impact on psychological well-being

The positive effect of natural compared to urban environment on human restoration and well-being has been proved in various studies. To go one step further in analyzing the influence of physical environments, we question if this positive effect is consistent in different natural conditions namely wild and tended urban forests. In an experimental field setting, participants were randomly assigned to either a walk through wild or tended forests for 30 min. Multidimensional scales in a pre-post-treatment-setting measured well-being. Results indicate a stronger change in “positive affect” and “negative affect” in the tended forest condition. Well-being factors “activation” and “arousal” changed after solitary walks, too. However, there were no differences between the treatment conditions, indicating a stronger influence of physical activity than the forest condition wild and tended on these well-being factors. Perceived attractiveness of the natural area did not effect the change in well-being, thus questioning the close relation between perceived attractiveness and the effect on well-being suggested in prior research. Furthermore, more and less fatigued persons did not profit differently concerning well-being changes. The results give important advice to design natural areas serving restoration and public health, especially for people living in urban environments.     

Urban reconciliation ecology: the potential of living roofs and walls

Reconciling human and non-human use of urban regions to support biological conservation represents a major challenge for the 21st century. The concept of reconciliation ecology, by which the anthropogenic environment may be modified to encourage non-human use and biodiversity preservation without compromising societal utilization, potentially represents an appropriate paradigm for urban conservation given the generally poor opportunities that exist for reserve establishment and ecological restoration in urban areas. Two habitat improvement techniques with great potential for reconciliation ecology in urban areas are the installation of living roofs and walls, which have been shown to support a range of taxa at local scales. This paper evaluates the reconciliation potential of living roofs and walls, in particular highlighting both ecological and societal limitations that need to be overcome for application at the landscape scale. We further consider that successful utilization of living roofs and walls for urban reconciliation ecology will rely heavily on the participation of urban citizens, and that a 'citizen science' model is needed to facilitate public participation and support and to create an evidence base to determine their effectiveness. Living roofs and walls are just one aspect of urban reconciliation ecology, but are particularly important 'bottom-up' techniques for improving urban biodiversity that can be performed directly by the citizenry.     

环境工艺方法论研究——上天入地法

上天入地法是环境工艺技术一般方法的重要组成部分。文章给出了上天入地法的定义,在环境工艺中的应用实例,并探究了其哲学内涵。     

亿元GDP死亡率与区域发展水平的相关性分析

为探讨亿元GDP死亡率与区域发展水平之间的关系,选择能够反映区域整体发展水平,又与安全生产密切相关的影响因素,通过统计年鉴获取大量数据的基础上,从时间和空间2个维度,采用SPSS数据统计软件对亿元GDP死亡率和13个定量影响因素、5个定性影响因素之间的Spearman相关系数进行计算,排除区域发展水平的极度差异,在总体趋势上,亿元GDP死亡率与各相关因素的相关性在时间和空间2个维度上保持较好的一致性。计算结果表明,各地区可从提高经济发展水平、优化产业结构、大力发展科学教育事业、提高医疗卫生水平和健全法制体系等方面降低亿元GDP死亡率,改善当地的安全生产水平,该结论能为各区域控制亿元GDP死亡率,对安全生产进行宏观调控提供科学依据。     

污泥处置技术的选取判定原则

根据生态学的基本原理,结合我国国情,推导出污泥处置技术的选取和判定原则:一致性匹配原则、能级稳定原则及资源循环最短原则;并用这些原则对现有污泥处置技术进行了评判。     

Cosmic exergy based ecological assessment for a wetland in Beijing

Wetlands research and restoration has become one of the critical concern due to their importance in providing ecosystem services. This study proposes a holistic methodology to assess the wetland ecosystem based on cosmic exergy as a thermodynamic orientor. This new approach is applied to two typical wastewater treatment facilities (an activated sludge system and a cyclic activated sludge system) and to a constructed wetland ecosystem in Beijing for comparison. Results show that the Beijing wetland ecosystem gains positive net present ecological value of 3.08E+14 J_c regarding its total life cycle. Comparison with the activated sludge system and cyclic activated sludge system, shows that the wetland ecosystem has greater dependencies on local resources (22% vs. 0% vs. 0%) and renewable resources (67% vs. 38% vs. 31%) as well as a larger ecological sustainability index (0.64157 vs. 0.00005 vs. 0.00008). This implies that the wetland ecosystem is more environmentally friendly and sustainable method for water treatment.