牛栏江流域景观格局分析

针对牛栏江流域云南段,基于遥感监测所获得的植被覆盖斑块信息,就该地区景观格局进行分析研究。结果表明：研究区内景观类型丰富,不同景观类型斑块大小的平均水平,以及斑块密度差异明显;流域内景观受人为干扰较大,说明了流域内生态环境较脆弱。     

呼和浩特生态城市承载力分析及其建设策略研究

生态城市是新世纪人类理想的居住模式,本文在研究国内外生态城市理论与实践的基础上,对呼和浩特环境承载力、人口资源承载力、水资源承载力以及其他资源承载力进行了分析,针对呼和浩特城市发展现状,提出了呼和浩特市生态城市建设的新模式及建议和对策。     

草原生态价值观——保护呼伦贝尔草原生态环境的必由之路

呼伦贝尔草原是我国优质的天然牧场和重要的畜牧业生产基地,因自然植被保存较好,生物多样性丰富,区位优势显著,被誉为＂绿色净土＂和＂北国碧玉＂。然而近些年来,由于人为因素的影响,已使该草原大面积发生退化、沙化,湿地面积急剧缩减,水土流失现象不断加剧,草原的生态环境遭到严重的破坏。本文在分析呼伦贝尔草原生态环境现状的基础上,提出草原生态价值观的理念,并结合可持续发展的思想,对呼伦贝尔草原的生态环境的维护提出几点对策。     

洱海流域农田土壤氮素的矿化及其影响因素

采用好氧间歇淋洗培养法,对洱海流域内的农田、菜地土壤样品培养2周,研究土壤氮的矿化及其影响因素.结果表明,表层土壤2周氮矿化量平均为65.54mg/kg.不同农田利用方式下,表层土壤氮矿化量的平均值为露地菜田粮田大蒜田.土壤氮素矿化以硝态氮为主,且随着土壤深度的增加而降低.土壤氮矿化同全氮、有机质含量呈明显的正相关关系,与pH值呈负相关;氮矿化与无机氮含量、C/N之间无显著关系.全氮、有机质和pH值是影响该流域农田土壤矿化的主要因子.     

绿化林带对交通噪声的衰减效果

为了研究公路绿化林带的降噪效果,对路侧林带降低实时交通噪声的效果进行定位测量,并将交通噪声人工编辑为不同频率的噪声,在远离交通噪音的林带中进行模拟试验,测定林带对不同频率噪声的衰减效果.结果表明：林带对交通噪声衰减有一定作用,其作用随能见度增大而降低;林带降噪效果随林带宽度增大而增大,可决系数为0.990,但在30m宽度内随林带宽度的增加,噪声的降低速率有所下降;不同林带类型的降噪效果有所不同,所选30m宽林带类型中,国槐纯林的降噪效果最佳可达15.38dB,而杨树、柳树纯林降噪效果较弱,分别为7.25、11.02dB;林带对中低频率噪声的平均衰减作用高于高频率噪声.     

For what it's worth: evaluating revealed preferences for green certification

In a case study that examines the outcomes of a flexible information-based policy, we observe how organizations obtain Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design certification. We use a regression discontinuity analysis to identify practices used to upgrade certification tiers. This analysis reveals preferences for green certification strategies and, we argue, intimates the perceived motivations for green certification. We distinguish practices that potentially confer private gains through returns to efficiency and productivity investments, from practices that only provide public benefits. Data show that organizations strategically certify to avoid high-cost resource use, appeal to key stakeholders, and communicate building and organization quality. Builders upgrading to the highest tiers are more likely to deploy practices with private gains. Results suggest a willingness to extend short time horizons associated with energy-efficiency investments in exchange for marketing benefits. Our discussion notes the capacity for certifications to mitigate market barriers associated with the energy-efficiency gap.     

Green marketing mix: A case study of Brazilian retail enterprises

The challenges posed by the limited availability of resources means that retail operations and methods must be revised and redesigned. Against the current backdrop of changes, companies are seeking to innovate the way in which they market their wares. Within this context, this article discusses the “green marketing mix” from the perspective of Brazilian retail enterprises. In addition, the study described in this article sought to identify and highlight the elements that should be considered when defining strategically each variable within the green retail marketing mix. As part of this work, a case study was carried out on two Brazilian retail companies. The case analysis revealed that despite defining themselves as “green,” when their retail marketing mix was analyzed, the companies presented differing degrees of sustainability. Furthermore, expanding the theoretical framework for the green retail marketing mix is a crucial issue in the services sector, and it has significant, practical repercussions.     

空间系绳系统安全性研究综述

系绳技术在空间探测与航天技术领域相较于现有空间技术具有很大优势,随着空间系绳技术的快速发展,其安全性越来越得到关注。首先从理论研究及空间试验两方面对系绳系统安全性的研究现状进行了总结,分析了空间试验的失败原因。其次,详细描述了影响系绳系统安全性的几个因素——空间环境、系绳材料、编制结构、涂层材料及释放机构的设计。最后提出了提升系绳系统安全性的方法,并对系绳系统安全性的研究热点及发展趋势进行了预测。     

Serious road injuries in The Netherlands dissected

Objective: This article discusses the characteristics and injury patterns of serious road injuries (Maximum Abbreviated Injury Scale [MAIS] 2+ inpatients) in The Netherlands.

Methods: In The Netherlands, the actual number of serious injuries is estimated by linking police data to hospital data. The distribution of serious road injuries over (1) travel mode and gender and (2) crash type and age are compared for the years 2000 and 2011. Moreover, the distribution of the injuries over the body regions is illustrated using colored injury body profiles.

Results: The number of serious injuries is higher for men than for women and increased from 16,500 in 2000 to 19,700 in 2011. In 2011, about half (51%) of the serious road injuries were due to a bicycle crash not involving a motor vehicle. The share of casualties aged 60 years and older is relatively high (43% in 2011) in these crashes. The injury body profiles show that head injuries (31%) and injuries to the lower extremities (37%) are most prevalent. Compared to other travel modes, pedestrians and riders of powered 2-wheelers relatively often sustain lower-leg injuries compared to other travel modes. Head injuries are most prevalent in cyclists who are injured in a crash with a motorized vehicle. Cyclists who are injured in a crash not involving a motor vehicle and casualties of 60 years and older relatively often include hip or upper-leg injuries.

Conclusion: The characteristics of serious road injuries differ from those of fatalities and the distribution of injuries over the body differs by travel mode, gender, and age.     

核桃青皮生物炭对重金属铅、铜的吸附特性研究

采用500℃限氧裂解法将农林废弃物核桃青皮制成核桃青皮生物炭,进行了核桃青皮生物炭对铅、铜的批量吸附实验.同时,利用扫描电镜、FTIR红外等方法探讨了核桃青皮炭吸附Pb~(2+)、Cu~(2+)的特性,探究了吸附时间、溶液初始浓度、吸附温度、吸附剂投加量、溶液初始pH等因素对核桃青皮生物炭吸附Pb~(2+)、Cu~(2+)作用的影响,讨论了吸附动力学特性及吸附等温特性.结果表明:温度298.15 K、pH为3~6条件下,核桃青皮生物炭吸附Pb~(2+)和Cu~(2+)在20 min内即可达到吸附平衡,核桃青皮炭最佳投加量分别为0.8、1.5 g·L~(-1),最大吸附量分别为476.190、153.846 mg·g~(-1);吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程,等温吸附曲线符合Langmuir方程,说明其吸附过程主要是近似单分子层的化学吸附.